Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Philanthropy(Sage, 2018) Herzog, Patricia SnellThis encyclopedia entry covers a definition of philanthropy, its history, participation rates, and impacts. Also covered are changes to philanthropy as the life course extends and Millennials become donors. Philanthropy is a practice of donating to foundations or non-profit organizations for the purposes of bettering the collective good.Item Cracking the Code of Geo-Identifiers: Harnessing Data-Based Decision-Making for the Public Good(International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics, 2022) Herzog, Patricia SnellThe accessibility of official statistics to non-expert users could be aided by employing natural language processing and deep learning models to dataset lexicons. Specifically, the semantic structure of FIPS codes would offer a relatively standardized data dictionary of column names and string variable structure to identify: two-digits for states, followed by three-digits for counties. The technical, methodological contribution of this paper is a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications based on FIPS code analysis indicated that between 27,954 and 1,970,000 publications attend to this geo-identifier. Within a single dataset reporting national representative and longitudinal survey data, 141 publications utilize FIPS data. The high incidence shows the research impact. Yet, the low proportion of only 2.0 percent of all publications utilizing this dataset also shows a gap even among expert users. A data use case drawn from public health data implies that cracking the code of geo-identifiers could advance access by helping everyday users formulate data inquiries within intuitive language.Item Chicago School: Social Change(Wiley-Blackwell, 2019) Herzog, Patricia SnellThe Chicago School of sociologists theorized social change primarily through a set of theories referred to as the “organism metaphor.” Organism metaphors of society have characterized society as a whole functioning together as a single organism, or have characterized societies as composed of a number of organisms functioning in an ecological system. Chicago School sociologists interpreted the organism metaphor as less functional and more conflict oriented. Their attention to the unequal distribution of social ills across cityscapes shifted away from a naturalistic, scientific, and cohesive view of social organisms toward a medical, interventionist, and struggling view of social organisms. The focus on eradication of social pathologies added a distinctly US style of sociology that viewed social life as in need of amelioration.Item Social Fact(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018) Herzog, Patricia SnellA social fact consists of collective thoughts and shared expectations that influence individual actions. Examples of social facts include social roles, norms, laws, values, rituals, and customs. Violating social facts confirms their existence because people who act against social facts are typically sanctioned. Sociology is one of the primary disciplines in which social facts are studied.Item Civic Morality: Democracy and Social Good(Springer, 2023) Herzog, Patricia SnellThis chapter reviews the concept of civic morality and its role in democracy. The first section defines civic morality, including what it is as well as what it is not. Simply stated, civic morality is the belief that one should engage in efforts to promote social and public goods along with actions intended to promote the wellbeing of others beyond the self. These are neither solely personal individual beliefs that are not publicly shared nor government prescribed public acts. Second, the chapter explains why civic morality matters. Importance includes its role in fostering a social lubricant to collective action, trust in people and social institutions, and democratic participation. The third section summarizes major approaches to the study of civic morality. Interdisciplinary studies are best categorized across the levels of their units of analysis: micro, meso, and macro. Key takeaways are offered based on the findings of existing studies about the relationship of civic morality and other important social phenomena. Reviewed findings are related to philanthropy and generosity, generational changes and youth, socioeconomic inequalities, religiosity and culture, and social norms.Item Social Networks and Charitable Giving: Trusting, Doing, Asking, and Alter Primacy(SAGE, 2018-04-01) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Yang, Song; Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyThis study examines social networks and financial giving to charitable or religious causes. Conventional social capital measures of general social trust and size of social network are studied as predictors of charitable giving. To these traditional measures, we add an examination of particular network aspects of giving: ego giving in relation to network alters who give, solicitations to give by network ties, and ego soliciting alters to give. In addition, the study disaggregates alter effects by alter position. Findings indicate that, net of social trust, social network factors significantly predict likelihood of being a giver. In particular, findings are that egos are especially likely to be donors when their primary alter donates. Three configurations of ego–alter giving and solicitations are significant predictors of ego giving, indicating that ego–alter doing matters more than asking. Theoretical contributions for relational and prosocial studies are discussed, as are practical implications for fundraising professionals.Item Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science Philanthropy: Case Studies of a Purposive Classification of Philanthropic Missions(Routledge, 2024) Herzog, Patricia SnellThis chapter analyzes U.S. nonprofit data compiled from multiple sources to identify 349 philanthropic organizations involved in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science technology. Analyzing mission statements results in three groups categories – tech-centered, tech-perpetuating, and tech-implementing – and includes case studies of 15 organizations exemplifying each technology for good type. The chapter concludes with a conceptual framework for philanthropy's role in advancing technology and social good.Item Peer Mentor Program Strategy for Improvement in First-Year Student Retention(ASEE, 2024) Matutes, Joan; Hacker, Shelby; Herzog, Patricia Snell; Spicklemire, Stephen; Reid, Kenneth; Martinez, Joan; Leonard, Brett; Herzog, JosephThis work studyies students in a small, private school in the Midwest that recently developed a peer mentoring program. The goal of the program is to improve retention among first-year engineering students by forming a strong sense of community within the school. Each individual peer mentoring group was composed of a single peer mentor guiding a small cohort of students. Once paired with a mentor, the mentees were strongly encouraged to engage in weekly interactions, either through attendance at a one-hour event or by maintaining regular communication with their mentor. With the goal of improving community bonds amongst first-year students, these events were typically fun, social events: meals together, game nights, sporting events, and so on. This arrangement provided first-year students with the opportunity to develop strong connections with peers and upper-class students, enabling them to ask questions they might not feel as comfortable posing to professors. In the academic year immediately following the initiation of the peer mentor program (Fall 2021 - Fall 2022), this program saw 14.5% points increase in overall first-year to second-year retention. This paper investigates changes in retention numbers at various points in time to better understand the success of this program and excavate its relevance for other programs seeking to implement peer mentoring. In addition to quantitative data, we gathered qualitative, open-ended survey data from mentees on how they feel the program helped them. This helps to understand experiences from the students’ perspectives. Additionally, metrics were analyzed to help optimize mentee attendance and participation in the peer mentor events.Item Durkheim’s Impact on Social Theory: Context, Cooperation, Collectives(Sage, 2023) Herzog, Patricia SnellThis chapter provides a brief background on Émile Durkheim, who he was as a person and as a social theorist. Durkheim’s contributions to theories are grouped within their understanding for social contexts. The next section summarizes his contributions to theories regarding cooperation in society, and subsequently social collective. The chapter concludes by covering the lasting impacts of Durkheim’s social theories in contemporary studies.Item The Importance of Peer Review: Recommendations for Reviewers and Authors(Sage, 2023) Herzog, Patricia SnellThis editorial provides an overview of the importance of peer reviewing, generally and to the Review of Religious Research journal. Several practical recommendations are offered to reviewers. Following these practices will aid reviewers in communicating their feedback clearly to the editor and having it received well by authors. Additionally, several practical recommendations are offered to authors. Following these practices will aid authors in successfully responding to reviewers and communicating their thor- ough and thoughtful revisions. Peer reviewing is an important activity that advances knowledge and supports the academic community. The Review of Religious Research edi- torial team thanks its reviewers and authors for treating this process with integrity, sin- cerity, and authenticity. The journal invites experienced and emerging scholars to serve as reviewers. Whether new or experienced, this editorial provides reviewer and author recommendations for a successful process.