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IMPRS Research Symposium Program
(Indiana University School of Medicine, 2024) Nguyen, Anne; Herbert, Brittney-Shea
Program includes the names of symposium presenters, titles of their research projects, and the names and departmental affiliations of their mentors.
The Intersectionality of Factors Predicting Co-occurring Disorders: A Decision Tree Model
(Springer, 2024-07-22) Hong, Saahoon; Kim, Hea-Won; Walton, Betty; Kaboi, Maryanne
Individuals with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders (COD) face challenges, including accessing treatment, accurate diagnoses, and effective treatment for both disorders. This study aimed to develop a COD prediction model by examining the intersectionality of COD with race/ethnicity, age, gender identity, pandemic year, and behavioral health needs and strengths. Individuals aged 18 or older who participated in publicly funded behavioral health services (N=22,629) were selected. Participants completed at least two Adult Needs and Strengths Assessments during 2019 and 2020, respectively. A chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision-tree analysis was conducted to identify patterns that increased the likelihood of having COD. Among the decision tree analysis predictors, Involvement in Recovery emerged as the most critical factor influencing COD, with a predictor importance value (PIV) of 0.46. Other factors like Legal Involvement (PIV=0.12), Decision-Making (PIV=0.12), Parental/Caregiver Role (PIV=0.11), Other Self-Harm (PIV=0.10), and Criminal Behavior (PIV=0.09) had progressively lower PIVs. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, and pandemic year did not show statistically significant associations with COD. The CHAID decision tree analysis provided insights into the dynamics of COD. It revealed that legal involvement played a crucial role in treatment engagement. Individuals with legal challenges were less likely to be involved in treatment. Individuals with COD displayed more complex behavioral health needs that significantly impaired their functioning compared to individuals with psychiatric disorders to inform the development of targeted interventions.
Global synthesis of cover crop impacts on main crop yield
(Elsevier, 2024-04-15) Peng, Yu; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André; Ren, Wei; Earth Science, School of Science
Incorporating cover crops into farming systems represents a potential pathway to maintaining crop productivity and achieving multiple environmental benefits. However, how cover crops impact the succeeding crop yield remained a matter of debate. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive and global scale assessment of cover crop impacts on yield. We conducted a literature synthesis of cover crop studies (104 articles) to collect field-based yield data (1027 records) and used meta-analysis to quantify the impact of cover crops on subsequent main crop yields. Our results showed that cover cropping led to an overall moderate increase in main crop yield, amounting to 2.6%. Specifically, the utilization of leguminous cover crops, cultivation in coarse soil texture and dryland areas, and the implementation of longer cover cropping durations were found to be conducive scenarios to enhance crop yields. Conversely, the use of non-legume cover crops, introducing them to fields under a short-term no-till, especially in fine-textured soils, were impaired to yields. Leguminous cover crops showed the greatest potential for increasing yield (9.8%) particularly when paired with corn. Adopting leguminous cover crops without fertilizing main crops resulted in a 21.8% yield increase. Utilizing cover crops did not affect yield if the field had already under no-till practice. Introducing cover crops on coarser soils and in rainfed drylands can increase yield by 14.1% and 11.4%, respectively. In fine-textured soils, cover crop plus conventional tillage achieved 4.8% yield increase while cover crops plus no-tillage led to a 9.5% yield decrease instead. Consequently, our findings suggested the general yield profitability of cover crops, but substantial variations remain, which was primarily affected by availability of nitrogen and soil moisture. It is advisable to maximize the nitrogen-fixing capability of leguminous cover crops as a nitrogen source for main crops, replacing fertilizer. Particular attention should be paid, and additional management practices should be adopted when using cover crops plus no-tillage in fine-textured soils to avoid yield penalties. These specific supportive measures are suggested to shorten the lag period of yield increase within the initial 1–3 years of cover cropping implementation. Our synthesis quantified the overall cover crop impacts on yield, showcasing variable yield returns across different scenarios. This holistic understanding and comprehensive information can serve to advance the appropriate and targeted adoption of cover crops by policymakers, extension services, and farmers.
Don't Show Up! You Cancel Student Success!
(Center for Translating Research Into Practice, IU Indianapolis, 2023-08-25) Gentle-Genitty, Carolyn
Many teachers and faculty do not want, for various reasons, to come back to the classroom and school environment. Our children need you. Please do not cancel their success. Adults experience a lot of complexity in their own lives which they bring to the lives of their own children and those they teach. Yet, children of all ages, especially before the age of 12, require only two things for their student success. 1) that their basic Maslow Hierarchy of Needs be met and 2) that we "Show Up" in their lives. Showing up means finding ways to bond via people, places, and things or through social bonding attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. During this presentation, Professor Carolyn Gentle-Genitty shares ways you can encourage student success.
Introduction to Christine Picard & Her Work
(Center for Translating Research Into Practice, IU Indianapolis, 2023-07) Picard, Christine
In this video, Professor Christine Picard describes her translational research. Professor Picard and her research team are developing strategies to optimize insect production as a sustainable solution to address the protein needs of a growing global population.