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Item Hidden Health Hazards: Toxins in Museum Collections(ISEE Conference, 2021-08) Whaley, Sarah; Barber, Corey; Cusack-McVeigh, HollyMuseum collections frequently contain hidden hazards that put staff at risk. The application of chemical pesticides, including arsenic and mercury, on collection objects began in the eighteenth century as a preventive measure to protect against insects, rodents, and mold. In addition to these poisons, some collection objects are made of materials inherently hazardous to human health including silica dust, lead paint, and infectious agents. It is important to ensure all museum staff who come into direct contact with collection objects are aware of exposure risks and know how to identify and protect themselves from these often-invisible hazards. Through a literature review including research from the Canadian Conservation Institute, Cambridge University Press, and PubMed, we have identified five hazardous materials that pose a threat to museum workers. We have highlighted policies and practices staff can use to protect themselves from these hazards.Item Provenance Research Leads to Successful Repatriation(2022-05) Barber, Corey; Poston, Kelly; Cusack-McVeigh, HollyThis research poster highlights the different methodologies we use to conduct provenance research on cultural materials. As civically engaged CEA scholars, our work for the FBI Art Crime Team involves an exploration of several leading questions including: what are the origins of these cultural items and ancestral remains and where/who should they be returned to? To answer these questions, we conduct provenance research in hopes to obtain a more complete history of ownership. Using multiple research methods, we draw from numerous sources and consult with content experts from various disciplines. Gathering a more complete history leads to a successful repatriation to descendant communities and foreign partners. Museums and other institutions can implement these methods to better understand the objects in their collections and provide a thorough interpretation to the public. This research not only helps us better contextualize the objects in our care, but in some cases may lead to the identification of NAGPRA-eligible items that should be returned to their communities of origin. The methods applied are: • Examine in-situ photograph taken at the time of seizure. • Facilitate a project by IUPUI students to refine their skills in provenance research by researching online. • Consult with cultural heritage experts and academics in various fields. • Collaborate with Indigenous communities and government representatives for foreign materials. When conducted in a thorough and respectful manner, this research can produce positive outcomes for museums and institutions, resulting in collaboration with source communities and a foundation for trust to be built uponItem Empathy for the ‘Other’: Neglected Finnish Ethnographic War Photography from Occupied Soviet Territory(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Matila, Tuuli; Mullins, Paul R.; Ylimaunu, Timo; Anthropology, School of Liberal ArtsThis article examines a series of unsettling images from the Finnish Continuation War (1941–1944) and the memories of the war that these photographs construct for contemporary Finns. We argue that these images can be viewed through Alison Landsberg's (2004) notion of ‘prosthetic memory’, which underlines how visual media enable the acquisition of vivid memories of past events. The paper outlines how these long-ignored photographs narrate unexamined dimensions of World War II in ways that transform how Finns in particular remember the war. The images illustrate a neglected Finnish occupation of Soviet territories and the treatment of Russian civilians under Finnish rule. We argue that the images can provoke empathy for their experiences and therefor challenge traditional and nationalist Finnish war interpretations.Item Comorbidity, misdiagnoses, and the diagnostic odyssey in patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(Elsevier, 2023) Halverson, Colin M. E.; Cao, Sha; Perkins, Susan M.; Francomano, Clair A.; Anthropology, School of Liberal ArtsPurpose The extent of comorbidity and misdiagnosis had been unclear for patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), a hereditary connective tissue disorder. The objectives of the study were to (1) describe the prevalence of alternative diagnoses that these patients have received, (2) assess their endorsement and rejection of these diagnoses, and (3) characterize their experience on their “diagnostic odysseys.” Methods We circulated a survey through the Ehlers-Danlos Society’s Global Registry, asking participants which diagnoses they had received and whether they believed they were still accurate. They were also asked questions about their experience while seeking a diagnosis. Descriptive statistics and consensus clustering were then conducted. Results A total of 505 unique individuals with clinically confirmed hEDS completed the survey. The average number of alternative diagnoses was 10.45. Anxiety, depression, and migraines were the most common. However, the diagnoses with the greatest endorsement were postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, cervical instability, and mast cell activation syndrome. The diagnoses with the greatest rejection were functional neurologic disorders, multiple sclerosis, and fibromyalgia. The average time to diagnosis was 10.39 years. Conclusion An appropriate hEDS diagnosis is complex and its presentation multisystemic. Health care providers should be aware of the specific phenotypes to improve the time to diagnosis and care.Item Social change and late Holocene hydroclimate variability in southwest Indiana(Elsevier, 2023-03) Krus, Anthony M.; Herrmann, Edward W.; Friberg, Christina M.; Bird, Broxton W.; Wilson, Jeremy J.; Anthropology, School of Liberal ArtsThe archaeology of how communities in the North American midcontinent responded to environmental change has had global significance for understanding hydroclimate-human relationships in non-industrialized societies. We evaluate how an agriculturalist settlement network, the Angel polity, coped with environmental change through comparing the radiocarbon-derived occupation history to local proxies for hydroclimatic change from Martin Lake, Indiana. Located within the northeast Mississippian (AD 1000–1500) frontier, the Angel polity consisted of a network of hamlets and villages, encompassing ∼800 km2 in southwest Indiana with the Angel Mounds site serving as the polity’s social nexus. The results indicate that Angel Mounds was established as the Medieval Climate Anomaly transitioned to Little Ice Age (LIA) drought with the construction of a community centered around a platform mound earthwork. The Angel polity’s population became more centralized at Angel Mounds during the initial decades of the LIA drought conditions and a large fortification was constructed at Angel Mounds during this time. The dissolution of the Angel polity occurred in AD 1350–1450 during a profound LIA-associated mega-drought and regional depopulation of the midcontinent. These results provide an example of how non-industrialized, agriculturalist communities responded to episodes of hydroclimatic change.Item In Alaska, it’s always been Denali(The Conversation US, Inc., 2015-09-04) Cusack-McVeigh, Holly; Anthropology, School of Liberal ArtsItem A paleodemographic assessment of mortality and fertility rates during the second demographic transition in rural central Indiana(Wiley, 2022-01) Zoeller, Gretchen E.; Drew, Brooke L.; Schmidt, Christopher W.; Peterson, Ryan; Wilson, Jeremy J.; Anthropology, Liberal ArtsOBJECTIVES: Since its inception, skeletally based paleodemographic research has emphasized the utility of biocultural models for interpreting the dynamic relationship between the sociocultural and ecological forces accompanying demographic transitions and shaping populations' health and well-being. While the demographic transition associated with the Neolithic Revolution has been a common focus in bioarcheology, the present study analyzes human skeletal remains from a large 19th century cemetery in central Indiana to examine population dynamics during the second demographic transition, a period generally characterized by decreasing fertility rates and improvements in life expectancy. This study demonstrates the potential to methodologically identify regional variations in the timing and interactions between broad-scale socioeconomic changes and technological advancements that characterized the time period through observed changes in survivorship and fertility based on age-at-death distributions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study uses three temporally distinct samples (AD 1827-1869; 1870-1889; 1890-1935) from the Bethel Cemetery (n = 503). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with a log- rank tests are utilized to evaluate survivorship and mortality over time. Next, Cox proportional hazard analyses are employed to examine the interaction between sex and time as covariates. Finally, the D0-14/D ratio is applied to estimate fertility for each of the three temporally bounded cohorts. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard modeling revealed statistically significant differences in survivorship between the three time periods. Age-specific mortality rates are reduced among adult female and male age classes in this rural community over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting in the increasing life expectancies associated with the second demographic transition. While mortality in early adulthood was common during the first time period and decreases thereafter, sex was not identified as a meaningful covariate. The proportion of juveniles in the three temporal samples indicate that fertility rates were higher than national averages for the better part of the 19th century and subsequently declined around the turn of 20th century for this community. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate temporal differences between the three periods, demonstrating increased survivorship and decreased mortality and fertility over time. These findings corroborate two key features of the second demographic transition characterized by the move from high rates of both fertility and mortality to reduced rates and a general easing of demographic pressures. The observed trends likely reflect improvements in health, coinciding the industrial advance and economic development within and around Indianapolis. While the socioeconomic factors characterizing the Industrial Revolution drove demographic shifts that parallel an equally important epidemiological transition, potential regional differences are discussed to highlight variability in the timing of demographic transitions. The paleodemographic methods utilized in this study demonstrate improved accuracy and efficacy, which ultimately advances researchers' potential to disentangle population-specific socioeconomic factors that may contribute to asymmetrical experiences of health and mortality.Item The Hoosier Story - Archaeology of Race(Awry Productions, 2022-05-26) Mullins, Paul R.; Anne, ShawIUPUI Anthropology Professor Paul Mullins sits down with The Hoosier Story host, Anne Shaw, to discuss the expansion of IUPUI's campus and the historically Black neighborhood its expansion displaced. Professor Mullins also shares his research and discusses how historical archaeology can teach us about the relationship between racism and material culture.Item Cyber CVs: Online Conversations on Cape Verdean Diaspora Identities(2010) Gibau, Gina SanchezItem The importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for the conservation of terrestrial mammals(Wiley, 2021-06) O’Bryan, Christopher J.; Garnett, Stephen T.; Fa, Julia E.; Leiper, Ian; Rehbein, Jose A.; Fernández-Llamazares, Álvaro; Jackson, Micha V.; Jonas, Harry D.; Brondizio, Eduardo S.; Burgess, Neil D.; Robinson, Catherine J.; Zander, Kerstin K.; Molnár, Zsolt; Venter, Oscar; Watson, James E.M.; Anthropology, School of Liberal ArtsIndigenous Peoples’ lands cover over one‐quarter of Earth's surface, a significant proportion of which is still free from industrial‐level human impacts. As a result, Indigenous Peoples and their lands are crucial for the long‐term persistence of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, information on species composition on these lands globally remains largely unknown. We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of terrestrial mammal composition across mapped Indigenous lands based on data on area of habitat (AOH) for 4460 mammal species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We overlaid each species’ AOH on a current map of Indigenous lands and found that 2695 species (60% of assessed mammals) had ≥10% of their ranges on Indigenous Peoples’ lands and 1009 species (23%) had >50% of their ranges on these lands. For threatened species, 473 (47%) occurred on Indigenous lands with 26% having >50% of their habitat on these lands. We also found that 935 mammal species (131 categorized as threatened) had ≥ 10% of their range on Indigenous Peoples’ lands that had low human pressure. Our results show how important Indigenous Peoples’ lands are to the successful implementation of conservation and sustainable development agendas worldwide.