Rafael Bahamonde
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Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Techniques of Hip Replacement Surgery
Dr. Bahamonde's research explores the effectiveness of different techniques of hip replacement surgeries and provides a scientific evaluation of the claims that one type of surgery is better than other in terms of recovery and function. Specifically, Dr. Bahamonde sought to determine whether total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed with minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches result in less muscle damage and faster recovery. Comparative gait analysis was performed on patients who underwent THA using 1 of 3 different MIS approaches. All three surgical approach groups demonstrated overall improvements in measured gait parameters at the 6-week postoperative analysis. The results of this gait analysis fail to demonstrate any significant advantage of the 2-incision approach over the posterior approach in gait parameters and early functional recovery. Furthermore, the anterolateral approach demonstrates a gait pattern consistent with abductor muscle injury in the early recovery period, despite the use of a minimally invasive approach.
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Item Proprioception, gait kinematics, and rate of loading during walking: Are they related?(2005) Riskowski, JL; Mikesky, Alan; Bahamonde, Rafael E.; Alvey III, TV; Burr, David B.The cyclic nature of walking can lead to repetitive stress and associated complications due to the rate of loading (ROL) experienced by the body at the initial contact of the foot with the ground. An individual’s gait kinematics at initial contact have been suggested to give rise to the ROL, and a repetitive, high ROL may lead to several disorders, including osteoarthritis. Additionally, proprioception, the feedback signaling of limb position and movement, may play a role in how the foot strikes the ground and thus, the ROL. Our goal was to explore the relationship between proprioception, gait kinematics and ROL. Thirty-eight women were recruited for gait analysis, and the gait characteristics 50ms prior to and at initial contact were examined. Two proprioception tests, joint angle reproduction and threshold to detect passive motion were used to examine the subject’s proprioceptive acuity. Our results indicate that individuals with a larger knee angle (i.e., greater extension) 50ms prior to initial contact (IC) experience a higher ROL during gait and have poorer proprioceptive scores. However, it remains unclear whether poor proprioception causes a high ROL or if a high ROL damages the mechanoreceptors involved in proprioception, but the apparent relationship is significant and warrants further investigation.Item Effects of physical training on proprioception in older women(2003) Thompson, KR; Mikesky, Alan; Bahamonde, Rafael E.; Burr, David B.Older adulthood is accompanied by declines in muscular strength, coordination, function, and increased risk of falling. Resistance training increases muscular strength in this population but its effect on proprioception is unknown. To evaluate the effect of resistance training on proprioception, community dwelling older women completed a three-month exercise study. A resistance training (RT) group (N=19) underwent supervised weight training three times per week while a non-strength trained control (NSTC) group (N=19) performed range-of-motion activities that mimicked the movements of the RT group without the benefit of muscle loading. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks for strength and proprioception. Muscular strength was assessed by measuring the subject’s one repetition maximum performance on four different exercises. Static proprioception was measured by the subject’s ability to reproduce a target knee joint angle while dynamic proprioception was measured by the subject’s ability to detect passive knee motion. The RT group made significant strength improvements compared to the NSTC group. Proprioception significantly improved in both groups by 6 weeks. Our findings suggest that improvements in proprioception can be obtained via regular activity that is independent of heavy muscle loading.Item ENERGY RETURN OF DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF TRACK SPIKES(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Bahamonde, Rafael E.; Streepey, Jefferson; Goyke, Lance; Myers, Adrian; Mikesky, Alan E.INTRODUCTION: Advances in technology and design have generated changes to the traditional track spike. Today, there are a number of different spike shapes, the four most common being needle, pyramid, post, and Christmas tree and modified Christmas tree (the last two are also referred to as “compression tier”) (see Figure 1). Running magazines, product advertisements, coaches, and manufacturers make claims about the potential effects of each type of spike design and their use in different situations. To our knowledge, these types of claims and other information regarding spikes or track surfaces, have not been tested and reported in the peer-reviewed literature. METHODS: The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine whether different shaped spikes elicit quantifiable differences in energy return on a Mondo track surface, the most commonly used at track venues. Five different shaped spikes all 7mm in length were used in this study (see Figure #1). The spikes chosen are those commonly used by athletes on various indoor and outdoor track surfaces. The load-deformation between the spikes the track was measured using a Bose Electroforce 3200 (Eden Praire, MN) testing device. OneWay ANOVAs using Sigma Plot 10.5 (Systat Inc., Richmond, CA) were performed to test for significant differences between spikes. Tukey post-hoc comparisons were performed at the p=0.05 level. RESULTS: Figure 2 shows the ANOVA results [F (4,49)=54.78, p<.001] and Tukey post-hoc comparison for the energy returned. The MTREE spike generated the greatest amount of energy returned and was significantly different from the other spikes (p<=0.05). The PYRA spike generated second largest amount of energy returned and was significant different from the PIN and POST spikes. The PIN or needle spike, as expected, had the least amount of energy returned. All spikes penetrated the track surface. DISCUSSION: The notion that compression spikes have less track penetration is unfounded. All the spikes tested penetrated the track under loads less than 105 N. Considering that vertical ground reaction force (GRF) increases linearly during walking and running from 1.2 BW to approximately 2.5 BW at 6.0 m s−1 and remains constant during forward lean sprinting at higher speeds, the likehood of any of the tested spikes not penetrating the Mondo track surface seems improbable (Keller et al., 1996). For the Mondo track the spike with the largest energy return was the MTREE design. This MTREE provided the largest spike surface area, which helped it to compress the track. The common PIN design provided the least energy return but absorbed the least amount of energy. All the compression spikes seem to provide larger amounts of energy return when compared to the PIN. The measured energy returned by the various spikes is relatively small (N*mm). However, for this study, the energy return was determined for only one spike while most sprint shoes have a sole plate with up to 10 mounted spikes. While it is difficult to assess how much of the energy returned in the spike-track surface interaction might actually aid the sprinter, these findings are nevertheless noteworthy. It is not uncommon for results in sprint races to be separated by only thousandths of a second, where even small levels of energy return could potentially make the difference between winning or losing a race. CONCLUSION: This study shows that spike design affects the amount of energy returned and absorbed by a Mondo track surface. While all of the spikes tested penetrated the track surface, the modified Christmas tree design returned the most energy on the Mondo surface. Knowledge of which spike design offers the highest energy return on the various track surfaces that athletes compete on could be useful to coaches and athletes, as well as, spike and track manufacturers and thus is worthy of further investigation.Item Shock Absorption Properties of Soccer Headgear(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Deer, Samantha; Riley, Jared; Streepey, Jake; Bahamonde, RafaelSoccer have gained tremendous success in the US with more than 3 million registered youth playing this year. With the concurrent increase of concussion awareness, manufactures of soccer apparel have introduced headgear to help dissipate forces from impacts with the ball as well as other surfaces such as body parts, ground, or goal posts. Most manufactures claim that such headgear can significantly reduce impact forces by as much of 50% during a collision. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the shock absorption properties of three commercially available soccer headgear [Full Gear 90 (F90), Head blast soccer band (HB), and Forcefield headband (FF)]. A drop test was used to the simulate headsurface collision. A hard medicine ball weighing 2.5 kg was dropped from distance of 1 meter onto the surface of an AMTI force platform. The force platform recorded the magnitude of the force at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. Ten trials for each conditions (no head gear-control, F90, HB and FF) were recorded and the impulse and maximum impact force were calculate using SigmaPlot. Oneway-ANOVA were used to determine significant differences in force and impulse across headgear. Although significant difference were found between the headgears for impulse and maximum force, overall these difference were minimal. There were less than a 10% reduction in maximum force and 4% reduction in impulse. Manufacturer’s claims of 50% reduction in impact forces seem to be unfounded. There is no scientific evidence that suggest that soccer headgear reduce the risk in injuries.Item Validity of IPhone Apps to Measure Knee Range of Motion in Clinical Settings(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Evans, Eric; Streepey, Jake; Bahamonde, RafaelRange of motion (ROM) of joints is a measure of musculoskeletal function in clinical and athletics settings. ROM in uniaxial joints is measured using a two-arm goniometer (GON). Although GON are inexpensive and can be used in different planes, there are limitation in accuracy and reproducibility. New IPhone apps have been developed to measure ROM using photography (PT tools, Dr.Goniometer and Photogoniometer), or the accelerometry and they also provide a permanent record of the measurement. The purpose of this study to compare the accuracy of the several IPhone apps against standard clinical [goniometer (GON)] and laboratory [electro-goniometer (EGON)] methods of measuring ROM. An EGON was attached the knee of 15 subjects knee while the performed five trials of knee extensionflexion). Three photography and one accelerometer based apps were compared against the EGON. The EGON data were compared against the GON used in clinical settings. Intraclass correlation (ICC) between methods and the Bland-Altman method (BAM) of assessing clinical agreement were used to determine validity. The ICC between the EGON and GON was r =.969 and with a BAM showing good clinical agreement between the two techniques. ICC of the photography based apps ranged from (.709-.721) and the accelerometer based goniometer was .671. The results of the BAM showed moderate to poor agreement between the methods, which indicate the some of the apps may not be suitable to use in clinical settings. The small screen size of the IPhone makes it difficult to accurately identify the joints centers. Small errors on placing the joint centers can lead to large errors of the knee joint angle. Accelerometer based apps are difficult to align and can be affected by muscle and adipose tissue of leg. It is possible that photography based apps when used on an IPad will provide better accuracy and be suitable to clinical settings.Item Strategies for Broadening Participation of Underrepresented Minority Students in STEM(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Jones, LeRoy; Nguyen, Kim; Shaw, Pamella; Bruozas, Meridith; Bahamonde, Rafael; Botanga, Christopher; Cole, DeborahThe Louis Stokes Midwest Center of Excellence (LSMCE) was created in 2012 to communicate evidence-based program effectiveness garnered from the Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation (LSAMP) consortium to a broader audience. The goal of LSMCE is to serve as a national hub of information for scholars to access data, models, and funding opportunities in broadening the participation of underrepresented minority (URM) students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The Center is comprised of three lead institutions: Chicago State University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and Department of Energy-Argonne National Laboratory. The Center outcomes are: 1) development of the cLSMCE information hub to provide consistent online resources and sustained initiatives to showcase best practices in STEM teaching/learning, information dissemination and outreach; 2) faculty engagement in establishing programs, obtaining support and promoting growth across institutions; 3) student development skill-building webinars and workshops; 4) annual conferences providing LSMCE partners and LSAMP community members the opportunity to network and learn/share successful program models, celebrate student success, and be a forum for junior researchers to present in a supportive environment; and 5) partnering with key industry and corporate organizations to provide students access to internships, as well as, sponsorship of LSMCE initiatives and awards. The Center is currently in the fourth year of a five year grant and has recruited twenty Midwestern non-LSAMP schools. It has collaborated with them in developing strategies to improve their URM students’ performance, persistence and graduation in STEM degree programs. The Center also affords a professional platform for their faculty and students to participate in STEM activities.Item Does Vibration Training Improve Physical Function and Quality of Life in Fibromyalgia Syndrome?(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2010-04-09) Kaleth, Anthony S.; Ang, Dennis C.; Streepey, Jefferson W.; Mikesky, Alan E.; Bahamonde, Rafael E.; Dilts, SandiExercise and physical activity recommendations are an integral component of the overall management of fibromyalgia. Unfortunately, despite the known health, fitness, and symptom relief benefits, underlying pain and fatigue prevent most from initiating (or maintaining) physical activity and exercise programs, thereby contributing to sedentary lifestyles that lead to low levels of aerobic and muscular fitness. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative approaches to exercise programming in the overall management of fibromyalgia. Vibration training is a relatively new approach to exercise that has been shown to elicit numerous benefits; however little is known about the effects of this training method in fibromyalgia. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of vibration training in improving musculoskeletal function, balance and postural control, and health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia.Item On-Line Quizzing and Its Effect on Student Engagement and Academic Performance(2006-10) Urtel, Mark G.; Bahamonde, Rafael E.; Mikesky, Alan E.; Udry, Eileen M.; Vessely, Jeff S.The goal of this study was to determine if on-line out-of-class quizzing would lead to increases in (a) classroom engagement (b) academic performance and (c) preparation perception of college students. Twenty-four sophomore level students enrolled in a required functional anatomy course participated in this study. Results from this study indicate that on-line quizzing had a statistically significant impact on some indicators of student classroom engagement. However, on-line quizzing had no statistically significant impact on academic performance as evidenced by test scores. Finally, student perceptions, as a result of on-line quizzing significantly improved.Item Individual Development Plan (IDP) for IUPUI PREP Fellows [Template](IUPUI IPREP, 2017) Bahamonde, RafaelThis is an Individual Development Plan (IDP) is a planning tool designed to help IUPUI Post-Baccalaureate Research Education Program (IPREP) Fellows identify annual progress, professional development needs, and career objectives. The IDP also serves as a valuable communication tool between the IPREP Fellows and their research Mentors. The information in the IDP was the result of evaluation of multiple IDP from other universities to create an IDP to work with the IPREP fellows and mentors.