New Ref-1/APE1 targeted inhibitors demonstrating improved potency for clinical applications in multiple cancer types

dc.contributor.authorGampala, Silpa
dc.contributor.authorMoon, Hye-ran
dc.contributor.authorWireman, Randall
dc.contributor.authorPeil, Jacqueline
dc.contributor.authorKiran, Sonia
dc.contributor.authorMitchell, Dana K.
dc.contributor.authorBrewster, Kylee
dc.contributor.authorMang, Henry
dc.contributor.authorMasters, Andi
dc.contributor.authorBach, Christine
dc.contributor.authorSmith-Kinnamen, Whitney
dc.contributor.authorDoud, Emma H.
dc.contributor.authorRai, Ratan
dc.contributor.authorMosley, Amber L.
dc.contributor.authorQuinney, Sara K.
dc.contributor.authorClapp, D. Wade
dc.contributor.authorHamdouchi, Chafiq
dc.contributor.authorWikel, James
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Chi
dc.contributor.authorHan, Bumsoo
dc.contributor.authorGeorgiadis, Millie M.
dc.contributor.authorKelley, Mark R.
dc.contributor.authorFishel, Melissa L.
dc.contributor.departmentPediatrics, School of Medicine
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-21T10:01:40Z
dc.date.available2024-06-21T10:01:40Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractAP endonuclease-1/Redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1 or Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that is overexpressed in most aggressive cancers and impacts various cancer cell signaling pathways. Ref-1's redox activity plays a significant role in activating transcription factors (TFs) such as NFκB, HIF1α, STAT3 and AP-1, which are crucial contributors to the development of tumors and metastatic growth. Therefore, development of potent, selective inhibitors to target Ref-1 redox function is an appealing approach for therapeutic intervention. A first-generation compound, APX3330 successfully completed phase I clinical trial in adults with progressing solid tumors with favorable response rate, pharmacokinetics (PK), and minimal toxicity. These positive results prompted us to develop more potent analogs of APX3330 to effectively target Ref-1 in solid tumors. In this study, we present structure-activity relationship (SAR) identification and validation of lead compounds that exhibit a greater potency and a similar or better safety profile to APX3330. In order to triage and characterize the most potent and on-target second-generation Ref-1 redox inhibitors, we assayed for PK, mouse and human S9 fraction metabolic stability, in silico ADMET properties, ligand-based WaterLOGSY NMR measurements, pharmacodynamic markers, cell viability in multiple cancer cell types, and two distinct 3-dimensional (3D) cell killing assays (Tumor-Microenvironment on a Chip and 3D spheroid). To characterize the effects of Ref-1 inhibition in vivo, global proteomics was used following treatment with the top four analogs. This study identified and characterized more potent inhibitors of Ref-1 redox function (that outperformed APX3330 by 5-10-fold) with PK studies demonstrating efficacious doses for translation to clinic.
dc.eprint.versionAuthor's manuscript
dc.identifier.citationGampala S, Moon HR, Wireman R, et al. New Ref-1/APE1 targeted inhibitors demonstrating improved potency for clinical applications in multiple cancer types. Pharmacol Res. 2024;201:107092. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107092
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1805/41703
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.isversionof10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107092
dc.relation.journalPharmacological Research
dc.rightsPublisher Policy
dc.sourcePMC
dc.subjectRef-1 redox function
dc.subjectNovel targeted inhibitors
dc.subjectPotency
dc.subjectNuclear Factor kappa B (NFκB)
dc.subjectHypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF1α)
dc.subjectCancers
dc.titleNew Ref-1/APE1 targeted inhibitors demonstrating improved potency for clinical applications in multiple cancer types
dc.typeArticle
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