Open Access Policy Articles

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The IUPUI Faculty Council adopted an open access policy on October 7th, 2014 (available from: https://openaccess.indianapolis.iu.edu/). This policy shows IUPUI's commitment to disseminating the fruits of research and scholarship as widely as possible. Open access policies increase authors’ rights, readership and citation rates for scholarly articles. The opt out provision ensures that all faculty authors have the freedom to publish in the journal of their choice.

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 27462

Critical Public Infrastructure Underwater: The Flood Risk Pro
(Springer Nature, 2023-05) Sun, Pin; Entress, Rebecca; Tyler, Jenna; Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem; Noonan, Douglas; School of Public and Environmental Affairs
Hospitals play a critical role during disasters where they provide critical medical care to disaster victims and help the community to respond more effectively and recover quicker. However, hospitals face risks from the natural environment, such as flood risks. Amid the increasing flood risks due to climate change, it is essential to examine hospitals’ risk exposure. Motivated by this, this paper aims to answer four specific questions related to hospitals in Florida: (1) Are hospitals located in flood zones? (2) What is the relationship between hospital network size and flood hazard? (3) To what extent does hospital flood hazard vary by hospital attributes? (4) How do hospitals’ flood hazards differ from other public structures’ flood hazards? By leveraging two micro-level datasets, we found that approximately 12% of Florida hospitals are in flood zones, and that hospitals’ flood hazard is not influenced by hospital network size or hospital attributes. We also found that hospitals are one of the most flood-prone public structures in our sample, raising questions about public infrastructure in flood management. We conclude by offering recommendations for improving hospital resilience to future flood disasters.
ChatGPT: Implications for Faculty, Students, and Patients
(Wolters Kluwer, 2023-05) Shay, Amy; School of Nursing
Social Networks and Charitable Giving: Trusting, Doing, Asking, and Alter Primacy
(SAGE, 2018-04-01) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Yang, Song; School of Philanthropy
This study examines social networks and financial giving to charitable or religious causes. Conventional social capital measures of general social trust and size of social network are studied as predictors of charitable giving. To these traditional measures, we add an examination of particular network aspects of giving: ego giving in relation to network alters who give, solicitations to give by network ties, and ego soliciting alters to give. In addition, the study disaggregates alter effects by alter position. Findings indicate that, net of social trust, social network factors significantly predict likelihood of being a giver. In particular, findings are that egos are especially likely to be donors when their primary alter donates. Three configurations of ego–alter giving and solicitations are significant predictors of ego giving, indicating that ego–alter doing matters more than asking. Theoretical contributions for relational and prosocial studies are discussed, as are practical implications for fundraising professionals.
Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP) deficiency mitigates denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy
(Elsevier, 2023-02) Wang, Junmei; Tierney, Lydia; Wilson, Christopher; Phillips, Victoria; Goldman, Lillian; Mumaw, Christen; Muang, En; Walker, Chandler L.; Biomedical and Applied Sciences, School of Dentistry
Denervated skeletal muscles show decreased Akt activity and phosphorylation, resulting in atrophy. Akt inhibits downstream transcription of atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases like muscle ring-finger protein 1 (MuRF-1). In addition, reduced Akt signaling contributes to aberrant protein synthesis in muscles. In ALS mice, we recently found that carboxyl-terminator modulator protein (CTMP) expression is increased and correlated with reduced Akt signaling in atrophic skeletal muscle. CTMP has also been implicated in promoting muscle degeneration and catabolism in an in vitro muscle atrophy model. The present study examined whether sciatic nerve injury (SNI) stimulated CTMP expression in denervated skeletal muscle during muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that CTMP deficiency would reduce neurogenic atrophy and reverse Akt signaling downregulation. Compared to the unaffected contralateral muscle, wild-type (WT) gastrocnemius muscle had a significant increase in CTMP (p < 0.05). Furthermore, denervated CTMP knockout (CTMP-KO) gastrocnemius weighed more than WT muscle (p < 0.05). Denervated CTMP-KO gastrocnemius also showed higher Akt and downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation compared to WT muscle (p < 0.05) as well as ribosomal proteins S6 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, CTMP-KO mice showed significantly lower levels of E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF-1 and myostatin than WT muscle (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that CTMP is essential to muscle atrophy after denervation and it may act by reducing Akt signaling, protein synthesis, and increasing myocellular catabolism.
Data-To-Question Generation Using Deep Learning
(IEEE, 2023-08) Koshy, Nicole Rachel; Dixit, Anshuman; Jadhav, Siddhi Shrikant; Penmatsa, Arun V.; Samanthapudi, Sagar V.; Kumar, Mothi Gowtham Ashok; Anuyah, Sydney Oghenetega; Vemula, Gourav; Herzog, Patricia Snell; Bolchini, Davide; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
Many publicly available datasets exist that can provide factual answers to a wide range of questions that benefit the public. Indeed, datasets created by governmental and nongovernmental organizations often have a mandate to share data with the public. However, these datasets are often underutilized by knowledge workers due to the cumbersome amount of expertise and embedded implicit information needed for everyday users to access, analyze, and utilize their information. To seek solutions to this problem, this paper discusses the design of an automated process for generating questions that provide insight into a dataset. Given a relational dataset, our prototype system architecture follows a five-step process from data extraction, cleaning, pre-processing, entity recognition using deep learning, and questions formulation. Through examples of our results, we show that the questions generated by our approach are similar and, in some cases, more accurate than the ones generated by an AI engine like ChatGPT, whose question outputs while more fluent, are often not true to the facts represented in the original data. We discuss key limitations of our approach and the work to be done to bring to life a fully generalized pipeline that can take any data set and automatically provide the user with factual questions that the data can answer.
Biochar as a negative emission technology: A synthesis of field research on greenhouse gas emissions
(Wiley, 2023-07) Shrestha, Raj K.; Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre; Lal, Rattan; Lorenz, Klaus; Singh, Maninder P.; Demyan, Scott M.; Ren, Wei; Lindsey, Laura E.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
Biochar is one of the few nature-based technologies with potential to help achieve net-zero emissions agriculture. Such an outcome would involve the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from agroecosystems and optimization of soil organic carbon sequestration. Interest in biochar application is heightened by its several co-benefits. Several reviews summarized past investigations on biochar, but these reviews mostly included laboratory, greenhouse, and mesocosm experiments. A synthesis of field studies is lacking, especially from a climate change mitigation standpoint. Our objectives are to (1) synthesize advances in field-based studies that have examined the GHG mitigation capacity of soil application of biochar and (2) identify limitations of the technology and research priorities. Field studies, published before 2022, were reviewed. Biochar has variable effects on GHG emissions, ranging from decrease, increase, to no change. Across studies, biochar reduced emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) by 18% and methane (CH4) by 3% but increased carbon dioxide (CO2) by 1.9%. When biochar was combined with N-fertilizer, it reduced CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in 61%, 64%, and 84% of the observations, and biochar plus other amendments reduced emissions in 78%, 92%, and 85% of the observations, respectively. Biochar has shown potential to reduce GHG emissions from soils, but long-term studies are needed to address discrepancies in emissions and identify best practices (rate, depth, and frequency) of biochar application to agricultural soils.
Characterization of an odor permeable membrane device for the storage of explosives and use as canine training aids
(Wiley, 2023-05) Davis, Kymeri; Reavis, Madison; Goodpaster, John V.; Chemistry, School of Science
The storage and use of explosives is regulated at the state and federal level, with a particular focus on physical security and rigorous accounting of the explosive inventory. For those working with explosives for the training and testing of explosive-detecting canines, cross-contamination is an important concern. Hence, explosives intended for use with canine teams must be placed into secondary storage containers that are new, clean, and airtight. A variety of containers meet these requirements and include screw-top glass jars (e.g., mason jars). However, an additional need from the explosive-detecting canine community is secondary containers that can also be used as training aids whereby the volatiles emitted by explosives are emitted in a predictable and stable manner. Currently, a generally accepted method for the storage of explosives and controlled emission of explosive vapor for canine detection does not exist. Ideally, such containers should allow odor to escape from the training aid but block external contaminates such as particulates or other volatiles. One method in use places the explosive inside a permeable cotton bag when in use for training and then stores the cotton bag inside an impermeable nylon bag for long-term storage. This paper describes the testing of an odor permeable membrane device (OPMD) as a new way to store and deploy training aids. We measured the evaporation rate and flux of various liquid explosives and volatile compounds that have been identified in the headspace of actual explosives. OPMDs were used in addition to traditional storage containers to monitor the contamination and degradation of 14 explosives used as canine training aids. Explosives were stored individually using traditional storage bags or inside an OPMD at two locations, one of which actively used the training aids. Samples from each storage type at both locations were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months and analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) with Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME). FTIR analyses showed no signs of degradation. GC–MS identified cross-contamination from ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) and/or 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) across almost all samples regardless of storage condition. The contamination was found to be higher among training aids that were stored in traditional ways and that were in active use by canine teams.
Building a Knowledge Base for Elementary Teacher Education: Focus on Addition and Subtraction
(AMTE, 2023) Stump, Sheryl; Johnson, Barbara L.; Max, Brooke; Mathematical Sciences, School of Science
Clinical performance of immediately placed and immediately loaded single implants in the esthetic zone: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Wiley, 2023-09) Wittneben, Julia-Gabriela; Molinero-Mourelle, Pedro; Hamilton, Adam; Alnasser, Muhsen; Obermaier, Barbara; Morton, Dean; Galluci, German O.; Wismeijer, Daniel; Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the following PIO question: In adult patients treated with an indication for single tooth extraction in the maxillary esthetic zone (15–25), what is the influence of an immediate implant placement and immediate loading protocol on the clinical performance (primary aim) and esthetic outcomes (secondary aim) focusing on investigations published after 2010. Material and Methods An electronic search in Medline (PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE databases up to April 2022 was performed to identify clinical studies investigating the outcome of single implants subjected to immediate placement with immediate restoration/loading (Type 1A). Results Sixty-three studies (10 randomized controlled trials, 28 prospective and 25 retrospective cohort studies) were included with a follow-up ranging from 12 to 96 months. One thousand nine hundred sixty-one implants reported survival rates of 99.2 (98.6–99.5) % at 1 year, 97.5 (95.9–98.4) % after 3 years, and 95.8 (93.3–97.4) % after 5 years; 1064 immediately loaded restorations presented survival rates of 98.9 (97.8–99.5) % after 1 year, 96.8 (93.6–98.4) % after 2 years, and 94.8 (89.6–97.4) % after 5 years. Comparing baseline to 12-month data using the Hedges' g effect size (95% CI), papilla height presented an overall effect size of −0.71 (−1.25, −0.1) mm, midfacial recession change of −0.15 (−0.66, 0.36) mm, and a 0.82 (0.37, 1.28) gain in PES. Conclusions Immediate implant placement and immediate loading can be considered a predictable and safe treatment option for single maxillary anterior restorations with adequate survival rates and favorable esthetics outcomes for up to 5 years.
Deletion of the auxiliary α2δ1 voltage sensitive calcium channel subunit in osteocytes and late-stage osteoblasts impairs femur strength and load-induced bone formation in male mice
(Oxford, 2024) Wright, Christian S.; Lewis, Karl J.; Semon, Katelyn; Yi, Xin; Reyes Fernandez, Perla C.; Rust, Katie; Prideaux, Matthew; Schneider, Artur; Pederson, Molly; Deosthale, Padmini; Plotkin, Lilian I.; Hum, Julia M.; Sankar, Uma; Farach-Carson, Mary C.; Robling, Alexander G.; Thompson, William R.; Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Sciences
Osteocytes sense and respond to mechanical force by controlling the activity of other bone cells. However, the mechanisms by which osteocytes sense mechanical input and transmit biological signals remain unclear. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) regulate calcium (Ca2+) influx in response to external stimuli. Inhibition or deletion of VSCCs impairs osteogenesis and skeletal responses to mechanical loading. VSCC activity is influenced by its auxiliary subunits, which bind the channel’s α1 pore-forming subunit to alter intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. The α2δ1 auxiliary subunit associates with the pore-forming subunit via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor and regulates the channel’s calcium-gating kinetics. Knockdown of α2δ1 in osteocytes impairs responses to membrane stretch, and global deletion of α2δ1 in mice results in osteopenia and impaired skeletal responses to loading in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that the α2δ1 subunit functions as a mechanotransducer, and its deletion in osteocytes would impair skeletal development and load-induced bone formation. Mice (C57BL/6) with LoxP sequences flanking Cacna2d1, the gene encoding α2δ1, were crossed with mice expressing Cre under the control of the Dmp1 promoter (10 kb). Deletion of α2δ1 in osteocytes and late-stage osteoblasts decreased femoral bone quantity (P < .05) by DXA, reduced relative osteoid surface (P < .05), and altered osteoblast and osteocyte regulatory gene expression (P < .01). Cacna2d1f/f, Cre + male mice displayed decreased femoral strength and lower 10-wk cancellous bone in vivo micro-computed tomography measurements at the proximal tibia (P < .01) compared to controls, whereas Cacna2d1f/f, Cre + female mice showed impaired 20-wk cancellous and cortical bone ex vivo micro-computed tomography measurements (P < .05) vs controls. Deletion of α2δ1 in osteocytes and late-stage osteoblasts suppressed load-induced calcium signaling in vivo and decreased anabolic responses to mechanical loading in male mice, demonstrating decreased mechanosensitivity. Collectively, the α2δ1 auxiliary subunit is essential for the regulation of osteoid-formation, femur strength, and load-induced bone formation in male mice.

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