Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Associated Neural Defects: Complex Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets

dc.contributor.authorMuralidharan, Pooja
dc.contributor.authorSarmah, Swapnalee
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Feng C.
dc.contributor.authorMarrs, James A.
dc.contributor.departmentBiology, School of Scienceen_US
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-27T15:21:37Z
dc.date.available2018-07-27T15:21:37Z
dc.date.issued2013-06-19
dc.description.abstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, can result in craniofacial dysmorphism, cognitive impairment, sensory and motor disabilities among other defects. FASD incidences are as high as 2% to 5 % children born in the US, and prevalence is higher in low socioeconomic populations. Despite various mechanisms being proposed to explain the etiology of FASD, the molecular targets of ethanol toxicity during development are unknown. Proposed mechanisms include cell death, cell signaling defects and gene expression changes. More recently, the involvement of several other molecular pathways was explored, including non-coding RNA, epigenetic changes and specific vitamin deficiencies. These various pathways may interact, producing a wide spectrum of consequences. Detailed understanding of these various pathways and their interactions will facilitate the therapeutic target identification, leading to new clinical intervention, which may reduce the incidence and severity of these highly prevalent preventable birth defects. This review discusses manifestations of alcohol exposure on the developing central nervous system, including the neural crest cells and sensory neural placodes, focusing on molecular neurodevelopmental pathways as possible therapeutic targets for prevention or protection.en_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.identifier.citationMuralidharan, P., Sarmah, S., Zhou, F. C., & Marrs, J. A. (2013). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Associated Neural Defects: Complex Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Brain Sciences, 3(2), 964–991. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci3020964en_US
dc.identifier.issn2076-3425en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1805/16848
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.isversionof10.3390/brainsci3020964en_US
dc.relation.journalBrain Sciencesen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 3.0 United States
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/
dc.sourcePMCen_US
dc.subjectfetal alcohol syndromeen_US
dc.subjectfetal alcohol spectrum disorderen_US
dc.subjectethanolen_US
dc.subjectcentral nervous systemen_US
dc.subjectcranial neural crest cellsen_US
dc.subjectvitamin deficiencyen_US
dc.titleFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Associated Neural Defects: Complex Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targetsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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