O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Works
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Item Exploring racial disparities across prosecutorial decision points: Evidence from a Midwest prosecutor’s office(2025) Bailey, Caroline; Hylton, Sydney; Henry, Tri Keah; Diazq, Carmen; Grommon, EricItem Sharing the Stage: Exploring Inequities in Resources for the Arts Across Funding Institutions(Sage, 2024-10) Chen, Wendy; Noonan, Douglas; School of Public and Environmental AffairsThis paper examines and compares the funding distribution inequities in arts organizations across three different funding institutions—government grantmaking, charitable contributions, and crowdfunding—through different inequity measures. Based on three different datasets including the National Endowment for the Arts grants data, National Center for Charitable Statistics data, and Kickstarter crowdfunding data starting in 2009, we find that compared to non-arts funds on the same platforms, arts-related funds in these institutions are not more concentrated in the hands of a few, although the level of concentration is strikingly high. In addition, we find that nonprofit contributions are heavily concentrated, far more than government grants. However, contributions to arts nonprofits are not more concentrated than to other nonprofits. We also explore how the pandemic crisis impacted arts funding distributions.Item The Interplay Between Fiscal Institutions and the Great Recession: Evidence From U.S. School Districts(Sage, 2023) Buerger, Christian; Lofton, Michelle L.; School of Public and Environmental AffairsRecessions may disproportionally affect school districts, especially with established fiscal institutions and policies including balanced budget requirements, tax and expenditure limitations, and school finance reforms. Analyzing the Great Recession and school districts in the United States between 2003 and 2016, we estimated difference-in-differences models leveraging variation in state recession severity to evaluate revenue and expenditure impacts as well as to measure differential recession effects for districts exposed to and not exposed to fiscal institutions and policies. Although revenues and expenditures increased relative to pre-recession levels in all districts, increases were much larger in school districts with less severe than more severe recessions. Balanced budget requirements exacerbated recession effects for low-income districts, and local tax and expenditure limitations intensified recession effects for high-income districts. School finance reforms worsened recession effects for all districts. Our findings can aid districts in understanding potential recessionary impacts, given their prior established fiscal policies and institutions.Item Racial Justice Data Project: A partnership with the Monroe County Prosecutor’s Office(2023) Diaz, Carmen; Rising, Staci; Grommon, EricItem Process Evaluation of the IRAS-PAT Pilot Program Implementation(2017) Grommon, Eric; Ray, Brad; Sapp, Dona; Thelin, RachelItem Innovative reentry initiative in Indianapolis(Indiana University Public Policy Institute, 2025) Grommon, Eric; Bow, Brendan; Pena, RachellItem Reducing probation revocations challenge: Monroe County, Indiana(Indiana University Public Policy Institute, 2021) Northcutt Bohmert, Miriam; Hatfield, Troy; Ying, Michelle; Grommon, Eric; Lowder, EvanItem Reducting probation revocations challenge: Strategies to reduce revocations in Monroe County, Indiana(Indiana University Public Policy Institute, 2021) Northcutt Bohmert, Miriam; Hatfield, Troy; Ying, Michelle; Grommon, Eric; Lowder, EvanItem Rewiring Police Officer Training Networks to Reduce Forecasted Use of Force(ACM, 2023) Pandey, Ritika; Carter, Jeremy; Hill, James; Mohler, George; School of Public and Environmental AffairsResearch has shown that police officer involved shootings, misconduct and excessive use of force complaints exhibit network effects, where officers are at greater risk of being involved in these incidents when they socialize with officers who have a history of use of force and misconduct. In this work, we first construct a network survival model for the time-to-event of use of force incidents involving new police trainees. The model includes network effects of the diffusion of risk from field training officer (FTO) to trainee. We then introduce a network rewiring algorithm to maximize the expected time to use of force events upon completion of field training. We study several versions of the algorithm, including constraints that encourage demographic diversity of FTOs. Using data from Indianapolis, we show that rewiring the network can increase the expected time (in days) of a recruit's first use of force incident by 8%. We then discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing such an algorithm in practice.Item The Shapes of Large Urban Areas in the U.S., 1950-2010: Patterns, Causes, and Consequences(Elsevier, 2021-03-01) Ottensmann, John R.; School of Public and Environmental AffairsThe compactness of the shapes of 59 large urban areas in the United States from 1950 to 2010 is measured using an index of proximity based on the mean distance from the Central Business District to all areas within the urban area. Average changes in the proximity index over time are small, but individual urban areas have experienced much larger changes in shape, becoming both more and less compact. Larger urban areas tend to be somewhat less compact. Barriers to the expansion of urban areas including water, wetlands, mountains, and protected lands are associated with lower levels of proximity and compactness. Lower proximity is associated with higher urban area densities and smaller declines in densities with distance from the Central Business District.