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Item Assessing a Longitudinal Educational Experience for Continuous Quality Improvement(2024-04-26) Masseria, Anthony; Birnbaum, Deborah R.We’ll explore the use of assessment tools to promote adaptability and continuous quality improvement (CQI) in a large educational program. The Scholarly Concentrations Program is a statewide program complementing the core medical school curriculum and empowering students to delve into topics of personal interest. The pilot was launched with a “CQI” mindset, and after three years, a robust assessment plan is gathering feedback. While “building the plane as we fly it”, the program has grown from 100 students in its first year to over 400 in its third. A robust, longitudinal evaluation plan is critical. The intended goal is to use this program example to replicate it with other large educational programs anywhere.Item Characterization of a Novel Mutation in the COPI Vesicle on Binding to Dilysine Motifs(2024-04-26) Felipe, Kimberly; Custer, Sara; Androphy, ElliotBackground/Objective: The heptameric COPI coatomer complex is involved in the formation of vesicles and the intracellular trafficking of proteins between the Golgi and Endoplasmic Reticulum as well as throughout the cytoplasm. Members of the COPI complex bind dilysine motifs found in the C-terminal domain of the cargo protein, particularly KKxx or KxKxx. We generated a point mutation in the WD40 domain of the COPI alpha subunit (⍺-COP). We hypothesized that the E269V mutant ⍺-COP would not co-immunoprecipitate (co-IP) COPI cargo proteins terminating with a dilysine domain of KxKxx (Nucleolin and Stasimon/Tmem41b), but would bind cargo proteins terminating in KKxx (FLAG-Syntaxin17). We predicted that a mutation in the ⍺-COP C-terminus, which impairs interaction with ε–COP, would not affect its ability to co-IP dilysine-containing cargo. Experimental Design or Project Methods: HEK-293TT cells were transfected with Myc- tagged wild-type, E269V, and triple mutant (3X) ⍺-COP. The E269V ⍺-COP mutant has an amino acid change at position 269 from glutamic acid to valine. The triple ⍺-COP mutant has three amino acid changes that eliminate binding with the ε–COP COPI subunit. Transfected ⍺-COP was immunoprecipitated using magnetic anti-Myc beads. Endogenous Nucleolin was immunoprecipitated using magnetic Protein A beads conjugated to rabbit polyclonal anti- Nucleolin antibody. Western blots of inputs and immunoprecipitates of each experiment were conducted to determine the ability of ⍺-COP to co-IP C-terminal dilysine-containing proteins. Results: Endogenous Nucleolin and Stasimon co-immunoprecipitated with WT and 3X ⍺-COP, but not E269V ⍺-COP. Conclusions and Potential Impact: The inability of mutation E269V to co-IP dilysine proteins implies that the WD40 domain of the COPI ⍺-COP protein is required for binding to KxKxx- terminating proteins, as typified by Nucleolin and Stasimon.The C-terminal 3X mutation shows that ε-COP is not necessary for dilysine recognition and implies that ⍺-COP directly binds to this KxKxx motif.Item How Girls STEM Institute Impacts Black Girls’ Interest in STEM Careers(2024-04-26) Olumba, Chinonye; Morton, Crystal; Niki Messmore, NikiBACKGROUND Multiple studies show that women, especially Black women are underrepresented in the STEM fields. A factor affecting this outcome is the lack of early career exposure of STEM to Black youth. Girls STEM Institute (GSI) is an organization that encourages girls and young women of color to embrace their innate brilliance through STEM exploration and focuses on the total development of girls’ minds, bodies, and spirits. Through GSI, scholars are provided access to powerful STEM learning experiences such as robotics, aviation, and forensics that challenge them to think deeply and critically. Additionally, the program also gives GSI scholars the opportunity to interact with STEM professionals. For summer 2023, the program served a total of 60 scholars and gave them the opportunity to participate in rich, relevant, and cognitively challenging STEM activities. This study aims to explore what factors affect career interest in young Black girls. METHODS Dr. Morton and the research team administered the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity, BEAMMS survey, STEM semantics survey, and Career Interest Questionnaire (CIQ) to all 60 scholars at the beginning and end of the program in paper format. For this study, we focus on the CIQ (N=53 for the pre-assessment. N=47 for the post-assessment) to compare the career interests of the scholars at the program’s beginning and end. A literature review was conducted to better understand Black girls' experiences in formal and informal educational spaces. RESULTS In the post-assessment, there was an overall increase in STEM career interests. The statement “I would like a career in science” had an 11% increase in scholars who agreed, “I would enjoy a career in science” had an 18% increase, and “I will get a job in the science-related area” had a 13% increase. However, 30% were undecided in the “I would like a career in science” section, 30% were undecided on whether they would enjoy a career in science, and 44% were undecided about getting a job in the science-related field. The study is ongoing, and data is still being analyzed. CONCLUSION Young Black girls face various educational challenges and inequities. Nevertheless, science summer programs like GSI create bridges for young Black girls to discover their potential and enhance their confidence to pursue careers in STEM. Traditional educational spaces should follow this example and create a curriculum that is aware of the needs of Black girls.Item Peripheral Neuropathy in Long-COVID Patients: Demographic Distribution and Comorbid Risk Factors(2024-04-26) Li, Jason; Bohn, Camden; Todd, Noah; Pater, Jessica; Carroll, Jeanne; Henriksen, Brian; Chang, Fen-LeiItem Visual Analytics for Data-Driven Understanding of the Substance Use Disorder Epidemic(2024-04-26) Qaurooni, Danial; Herr, Bruce W; Zappone , Sarah Renee; Wojciechowska, Klaudia; Börner , Katy; Schleyer , TitusThe substance use disorder epidemic has emerged as a serious public health crisis, presenting complex challenges. Visual analytics offers a unique approach to address this complexity and facilitate effective interventions. This paper details the development of an innovative visual analytics dashboard, aimed at enhancing our understanding of the substance use disorder epidemic. By employing record linkage techniques, we integrate diverse data sources to provide a comprehensive view of the epidemic. Adherence to responsive, open, and user-centered design principles ensures the dashboard's usefulness and usability. Our approach to data and design encourages collaboration among various stakeholders, including researchers, politicians, and healthcare practitioners. Through illustrative outputs, we demonstrate how the dashboard can deepen our understanding of the epidemic, support intervention strategies, and evaluate the effectiveness of implemented measures. The paper concludes with a discussion of the dashboard's use cases and limitations.Item How do Internal Medicine Residency Program Websites Signal their Inclusion of LGBTQIA+ Applicants in the East North Central Region?(2024-04-26) Gribbin, Will; Baker, Brittany; Peterson, Ellen; Anak Ganeng, Brenda; Byram, JessicaItem MSK PoCUS Training for Rural Clinics(2024-04-26) Smeltzer, Kathryn; Tollar, Roarke; Cook, Myanna; Wilcox, James; Ireland, EllenINTRODUCTION: Point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) is a portable diagnostic technology with broad applicability, no radiation, and is less expensive than alternative imaging methods. PoCUS is emerging as high utility technology to expand bedside physical exams for primary care practitioners. Access to medical care in rural areas is an ongoing issue, especially for specialty care. By using PoCUS, rural providers may be able to more completely screen for conditions and determine if patients will need to seek specialty care, such as orthopedic intervention, which is often more time consuming for rural patients. OBJECTIVES: This study is to identify barriers to learning and using point of care ultrasound technology for rural primary care practitioners for expanded examination, including for orthopedic applications. The secondary objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the best practices of expanding rural PoCUS training. METHODS: The team identified six rural primary care practitioners at outpatient clinics around Indiana. Grant funding was used to equip these clinics with portable ultrasound probes with PoCUS-software-equipped iPads. Training consisted of approximately one hour of independent didactic material and two hours of in-person hands-on training with our investigators and students. Initial surveys were collected before and after the in-person training session. After a few months of individual practice, teleguidence training sessions were offered to the participants. Post-training surveys will be collected approximately six months after the initial training session. At this time, the first and second surveys for the six physicians have been analyzed and provide preliminary results. RESULTS: The pre-training survey from the six physicians before the in-person training session found that previous PoCUS experience of these physicians varies greatly, and nearly all of these practitioners have not used ultrasound in their clinic within the last year. This survey also showed unanimously that these physicians make orthopedic diagnoses in their practice but do not feel comfortable using ultrasound in supporting these diagnoses, showing the potential for PoCUS in their clinical practice. The second survey results have shown that even after just two hours of training, the physicians are comfortable with using ultrasound to support their orthopedic diagnoses, to the point that the majority are also somewhat comfortable teaching this material to others. All of the physicians agreed that the independent didactic material supplemented the in-person training, which supports both the quality and platforms provided for this material. The enthusiasm and improved confidence after the training sessions also support the quality of our investigators’ in-person training sessions. Though it was not difficult to recruit physician participants, one of the biggest obstacles this study faced was scheduling the in-person training session. CONCLUSION: Implementation of PoCUS in rural clinics for the evaluation of orthopedic diagnosis was met with enthusiasm and has shown potential for streamlining evaluation at specialty clinics. Major barriers to adopting this technology include finding adequate time for medical practitioners to learn and practice using the equipment and scheduling live, on-going training.Item Assessing a Longitudinal Educational Experience for Continuous Quality Improvement(Indiana University School of Medicine Education Day, 2024-04-26) Masseria, Anthony; Birnbaum, Deborah R.This presentation explores the use of assessment tools to promote adaptability and continuous quality improvement (CQI) in a large educational program. The Scholarly Concentrations Program is a statewide program complementing the core medical school curriculum and empowering students to delve into topics of personal interest. The pilot was launched with a “CQI” mindset, and after three years, a robust assessment plan is gathering feedback. While “building the plane as we fly it”, the program has grown from 100 students in its first year to over 400 in its third. A robust, longitudinal evaluation plan is critical. The intended goal is to use this program example to replicate it with other large educational programs anywhere.Item Empowering Youth: Examining Health Literacy Gains in High School Students(2024-04-26) Grischke, Tyra; Tannir, Shadia; Bohn, Camden; Hoffman, Leslie A.Research Statement/ResearchQuestion This study assesses the health literacy of high school students’ before and after an educational presentation about hypertension, a health condition more prevalent in underserved communities. Background Low health literacy is associated with worse health outcomes, particularly within underserved communities. Improving health literacy among high school students can empower them to take action to improve health and well-being within their communities. Methods In spring 2023, medical students from IUSM visited four high schools to educate students on health literacy and hypertension. Participants completed a 15-item test prior to and immediately following the presentation. Demographic data (grade level, race, ethnicity, and gender) was collected. Data was collected anonymously, using assigned codes to match pre- and post-tests. Data was analyzed using paired samples t-tests and ANOVA. Results A total of 104 high school students completed pre- and post-tests. There was a significant improvement in quiz scores from pre- (7.95±1.74) to post-test (9.41±2.01; p<.001). One-way ANOVA found significant differences in pre- and post-test performance based on race, with Black students scoring lower than White students on both pre-test (7.28±1.28 vs. 8.31±1.70; p<.05) and post-test (8.55±2.21 vs. 9.85±1.76; p<.05). There was also a significant interaction between students’ gender and their pre- and post-test scores with female students showing greater improvements in test scores than male students. Limitations This study was conducted in a single school district in a small midwestern city and may not be generalizable to larger urban or rural populations. The presentation was given during a science class and may have been biased by students’ prior knowledge. Differences among presenters may also impact students’ comprehension. Conclusion High school students’ health literacy improved after an educational presentation on hypertension. This study revealed racial disparities in health literacy, highlighting the need for more health education in schools that have more students from underserved racial and ethnic groups.Item What Kind of AI Users Are There?(2024-04-26) Jones-VanMieghem, Cassandra; Papandreou, Amanda; Dolan, LeviINTRODUCTION • The field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has long used the technique of personas in theory and practice to enhance human-centered design (Chang et al., 2008). • Generative AI (GenAI) introduces new HCI issues due to inherent generative variability (Muller et al., 2023) and shifts in the meaning of control (Geyer et al., 2024). • The effects of this variability are part of the ongoing discussion about the role of emotion in HCI (Wadley et al., 2022), and are being felt across various domains such as education, biomedical research, and administrative tasks. • Persona development in GenAI HCI is a design technique that can be adapted to student and professional development to potentially improve learner and user experience. OBJECTIVES • To identify characteristics of GenAI interactions in library consultations, instruction sessions, and trainings. • To propose an initial theoretical HCI persona framework for AI users, focused on users of health systems-related AI applications. METHODS • We collectively wrote reflections on the utilization of AI and attitudes of the medical students, staff, and faculty that we encountered on the job from November 2023-January 2024 . • We attended various AI professional development sessions from November 2023-April 2024 , during which we took notes regarding the types of questions posed by attendees to capture prevalent concerns and interests. • We discussed our consolidated observations and identified major attitudinal themes. • We developed a Four-Persona Framework to categorize these themes. • We searched for points of contact with these themes in recent HCI and medical literature as an initial exploration of the framework’s generalizability. RESULTS Four Persona Framework • Unconscious User (Don’t know/Don’t care) o Survey of general US public found that they believe humans make better decisions than AI (5 studies n=<1000; Dietvorst et al., 2014). o Survey of emergency and trauma surgeons worldwide found that 73.3% could not define a list of AI-related terms (n=200; De Simone et al., 2022). o Survey of radiation oncologists and medical students in China found that they were favorable toward using AI in healthcare systems due to reduced workloads, unlike the public’s centering of risk/intent in usage choice (Zhai et al., 2021) • Avoidant User (Dangerous) o Survey takers from the general US public who indicated a low level of mistrust of human decision makers mistrusted AI more than humans (n=187; Lee & Rich, 2021) o Survey of physicians in Germany found that 48.2% agreed that using AI prevents doctors from learning how to correctly assess a patient (n=294; Maassen et al., 2021) o Survey of medical and dental students in 63 countries found that 43.2% disagree that AI will never make a human physician expendable (n=3,133; Bisdas et al., 2021) • AI Enthusiast (Beneficial) o Interviews with study volunteers in the Netherlands found that they generally expected AI to perform accurately (n=14; Jeung & Huang, 2023). o Survey of medical and dental students in 63 countries found that 83.9% think AI will be revolutionizing for medicine and dentistry. This view was most strongly held by male students from a developed country (n=3,133; Bisdas et al., 2021). o Survey of emergency and trauma surgeons worldwide found that 86% thought AI will improve acute care surgery (n=200; De Simone et al., 2022). • Informed AI User (Empowered) o Users of mobile health apps in Switzerland reported that they were more likely to trust apps that included medical certification, anonymization of data, and were affiliated with a trusted hospital system (n=106; Baldauf et al., 2020). o Survey of medical and dental students in 63 countries found that 85.6% think AI training should be a core part of medical training curriculum (n=3,133; Bisdas et al., 2021). o Survey of the general US public observed that there are important differences in how social groups perceive AI. Sizeism, transphobia, ableism, sexism, racism, and other factors influence AI-related medical experiences (n=187; Lee & Rich, 2021). CONCLUSIONS • The proposed Four Persona Framework can interpret many cases of expressions of human attitudes in HCI studies, including examples related to medical education. • Human attitudes are often more complex than any one persona, and change over time. Therefore, further framework development to accommodate multiple personas with varying intensities would make this framework more robust (see quandrant graphic) . • A future direction for framework development would be a qualitative or mixed methods study to test the proposed personas, identify gaps, and their prevalence in specific medical student, professional, and community populations.