Academic Studies

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https://hdl.handle.net/1805/6349

This collection includes works (journal articles, conference papers, and other items) reflecting the participation of the Lilly Family School in the IUPUI Open Access Policy.

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 275

Social Solidarity & Philanthropy in African Contexts Social Solidarity & Philanthropy in African Contexts
(2025) Kilama, Dennis; Herzog, Patricia Snell; King, David
Within Western contexts, philanthropy has been conceptualized as formal and organizational, with less emphasis on its informal contours. This paper identifies social solidarity as crucial to understanding philanthropy in African contexts. The first section explores concepts of philanthropy, such as reciprocity and cooperation. Second, recognizing solidarity as a key aspect of philanthropy, we review how social solidarity has been theorized and studied. Third, we illustrate how philanthropy in Kenya and Uganda is embedded within specific contexts. Philanthropy can be found in horizontal (formal), vertical (informal), and hybrid forms. Alongside formal philanthropy, efforts to benefit others in Africa often emerge informally as mutual aid and collective mobilization. Through attending to African contexts, we assert that a broader focus on social solidarity can broaden the who, how, and why of philanthropy.
Community Foundation and Stakeholders' Engagement
(2024-12-27) Adeyeri, Imoleayo; Paarlberg, Laurie E.
A survey of over 800 US community foundations to understand how these foundations collaborate and engage with many community stakeholders, including grantees, donors, and community members.
Cracking the Code of Geo-Identifiers: Harnessing Data-Based Decision-Making for the Public Good
(International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics, 2022) Herzog, Patricia Snell
The accessibility of official statistics to non-expert users could be aided by employing natural language processing and deep learning models to dataset lexicons. Specifically, the semantic structure of FIPS codes would offer a relatively standardized data dictionary of column names and string variable structure to identify: two-digits for states, followed by three-digits for counties. The technical, methodological contribution of this paper is a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications based on FIPS code analysis indicated that between 27,954 and 1,970,000 publications attend to this geo-identifier. Within a single dataset reporting national representative and longitudinal survey data, 141 publications utilize FIPS data. The high incidence shows the research impact. Yet, the low proportion of only 2.0 percent of all publications utilizing this dataset also shows a gap even among expert users. A data use case drawn from public health data implies that cracking the code of geo-identifiers could advance access by helping everyday users formulate data inquiries within intuitive language.
Philanthropy
(Sage, 2018) Herzog, Patricia Snell
This encyclopedia entry covers a definition of philanthropy, its history, participation rates, and impacts. Also covered are changes to philanthropy as the life course extends and Millennials become donors. Philanthropy is a practice of donating to foundations or non-profit organizations for the purposes of bettering the collective good.
Visual Research Methods: Integrating Images in the Study of Social Problems
(Routledge, 2019) Herzog, Patricia Snell
This chapter explains how visuals enhance the study of social problems through four examples of data collection and research dissemination. The first example studies meaning differentiation by examining photographs that represent the concept of community. The second studies social isolation via network graphs of social media connectivity. In the third example, the problem of racial segregation is critically analyzed through maps that serve as visual tools for disseminating information about this social problem. The fourth example also considers visuals in the context of data dissemination, studying how the use of data visualization (“DataViz”) to teach undergraduates about income inequality impacts their behavior.
Social Fact
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018) Herzog, Patricia Snell
A social fact consists of collective thoughts and shared expectations that influence individual actions. Examples of social facts include social roles, norms, laws, values, rituals, and customs. Violating social facts confirms their existence because people who act against social facts are typically sanctioned. Sociology is one of the primary disciplines in which social facts are studied.
Chicago School: Social Change
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2019) Herzog, Patricia Snell
The Chicago School of sociologists theorized social change primarily through a set of theories referred to as the “organism metaphor.” Organism metaphors of society have characterized society as a whole functioning together as a single organism, or have characterized societies as composed of a number of organisms functioning in an ecological system. Chicago School sociologists interpreted the organism metaphor as less functional and more conflict oriented. Their attention to the unequal distribution of social ills across cityscapes shifted away from a naturalistic, scientific, and cohesive view of social organisms toward a medical, interventionist, and struggling view of social organisms. The focus on eradication of social pathologies added a distinctly US style of sociology that viewed social life as in need of amelioration.
Durkheim’s Impact on Social Theory: Context, Cooperation, Collectives
(Sage, 2023) Herzog, Patricia Snell
This chapter provides a brief background on Émile Durkheim, who he was as a person and as a social theorist. Durkheim’s contributions to theories are grouped within their understanding for social contexts. The next section summarizes his contributions to theories regarding cooperation in society, and subsequently social collective. The chapter concludes by covering the lasting impacts of Durkheim’s social theories in contemporary studies.
Bibliometric Applications in Social Science Research: The Social Network Context of Generosity
(IntechOpen, 2023) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Ai, Jin; Osili, Una; Clark, Chelsea; Kou, Xiaonan
Whether or not a person chooses to act philanthropically can seem like a personal decision. Yet, giving is inherently a social act, minimally involving a giver and a receiver. The relational aspects of giving decisions can be studied by investigating social networks. What is known about the role of social networks in charitable giving? To answer this question, this study utilizes bibliometric techniques to review existing literature in a systematic manner. Applying these tools to social science research facilitates integration of knowledge across multiple disciplines and diverse methodological approaches. Across the reviewed research, there are five central themes. First, networks can shape values of efforts to support the public good. Second, networks can informally punish people for acting too self-interestedly. Third, networks can join together or exclude, contributing to social inequality and its reproduction over time. Fourth, networks can maintain group dynamics. Fifth, networks can pattern behaviors into habits, form interdependence, situate what is considered normal, and provide stability in times of crisis. Implications of existing research are drawn toward understanding young adulthood within its networked social contexts of generosity.
The Future of Work: Professionalization of Clergy and Nonprofit Collaborations
(SocArXiv, 2023) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Plasters, Ronnie; King, David P.
Building upon research on the professionalization of clergy, this paper analyzes the future of work in the context of organizational change. Increasing prevalence and rising pressures on nonprofit organizations to collaborate have resulted in a greater need for interagency ties. In this context, engaging in collaborations can be viewed as an indicator of professionalization. Yet, questions remain regarding whether faith-based organizations align with or diverge from broader trends of nonprofits. Thus, this paper investigates the research question: Are nonprofit collaborations more common among professionalized religious leaders? Data are drawn from the National Survey of Religious Leaders (NSRL), which collected surveys from a nationally representative sample of 1,600 religious leaders. Two mechanisms are posited for professionalization in nonprofit collaborations: intergenerational change and information access. Findings have implications for religious leaders and professionals in nonprofit organizations.

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