Academic Studies

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This collection includes works (journal articles, conference papers, and other items) reflecting the participation of the Lilly Family School in the IUPUI Open Access Policy.

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    Generosity Traditions
    (Center for Social Concerns, 2024) Herzog, Patricia Snell
    This practitioner-engaged article reflects on the role of higher education and research endeavors in understanding generosity. As part of a higher education for human flourishing initiative, this publications seeks to issue an open invitation to a conversation, a community, and a set of contested aspirations for how we ought to live together in this world and how higher education might serve those aspirations. The focus of this article is on generosity in major world faith traditions, followed by a spotlight on giving habits.
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    Youth Philanthropy: Studying Outcomes of Community Engagement
    (Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2024-10) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Penman, Natalie; Park, Shinyoung; Lambert, Minette; Ortiz, Lexi; August, Jeffrey; Morgan, Anna; Carey, M’lila
    This report shares results from a study of youth philanthropy programs designed to increase community engagement. The study is designed to answer this research question: Does participating in a youth philanthropy program foster positive outcomes for young people? Data are from a youth philanthropy program hosted within 12 community organizations in 7 US states. The program is two years in duration: youth participate as juniors and seniors in high school. Data were collected through surveys with graduating youth who had completed both years of the program (n=180). Findings indicate that the program “works” in fostering engagement in philanthropic activities, gaining prosocial orientations, and having rewarding program experiences. When available, youth outcomes from program participants are compared to national or global data on comparable measures to assess whether youth in this program appear to be participating in philanthropic activities at rates greater than average. Results show that youth participants are high on philanthropic activities and prosocial orientations, and their rates are 30-50% higher than comparable rates. Additionally, youth demonstrate positive growth in targeted philanthropic learning and skills, and youth participants gain a greater network of engaged peers and supportive mentors. The implication is that this youth philanthropy program is successful in fostering positive youth development.
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    Types of Givers: Ideas for Engaging Different Donors
    (Faith+Leader Stewardship, 2023-08-21) Herzog, Patricia Snell
    How do people approach giving to charitable and religious causes? In studying answers to the question, we found that the answer is that there is no one way. Yet, it is not the other extreme either, and the oft-repeated phrase everyone is unique is not helpful. Between these two extremes is a balanced approach in which there are discernable types of givers, and these can inform donor communication. Through a national representative survey and follow-up in-person interviews, we learned from thousands of everyday Americans about the ways they go about their giving.
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    Eight Myths of Philanthropy
    (Stanford Social Innovation Review (SSIR), 2019) Benjamin, Lehn; Pasic, Amir; Freeman, Tyrone; Herzog, Patricia Snell; King, David; Konrath, Sara; Mesch, Debra; Osili, Una; Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark; Practor, Andrea; Rooney, Patrick; Shaker, Genevieve; Wiepking, Pamala; Rolland Price, Abby; Smith Milway, Katie
    In this practitioner-engaged article, the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy describe eight common myths of philanthropy. Myth busting these misconceptions, the article provides an overview of who gives, how, and with what impact. In so doing, the article contributes to a better understanding of the breadth and diversity of giving.
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    Giver Types: A Fresh Perspective
    (Lake Institute on Faith & Giving, 2023-05-23) Herzog, Patricia Snell
    This practitioner-engaged article describes how understanding the approaches donors take to their giving can inform better tailored fundraising practices and aid understanding of how one's own approach to giving is not necessarily other's preference.
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    Inclusive Philanthropy
    (Stanford Social Innovation Review (SSIR), 2020) Pasic, Amir; Osili, Una; Rooney, Patrick; Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark; Herzog, Patricia Snell; King, David; Practor, Andrea; Siddiqui, Shariq
    In this practitioner-engaged article, the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy explain problems with limiting what counts as philanthropy since a narrow approach curtails understanding of scope and social value. The authors assert a more expansive approach is essential for creating a more equitable and democratic society. Inclusive giving practices include certain types of social media campaigns, giving circles, religious giving, workplace giving. The article concludes with a call for everyday citizens to engage in giving and thus balance undue influence to only the wealthy by fostering many voices amid financial and social resource channels.
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    Giving with a purpose: the cybernetics of philanthropy
    (Center for a Voluntary Society, 1974) Von Foerster, Heinz
    This paper by Heinz Von Foerster, grounded in the logic of information theory, presents a method for getting at the basic causes of social continuity and discontinuity. It is offered as a contribution to a developing research discipline on the theory and practice of philanthrophy.
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    Egos deflating with the Great Recession: A cross-temporal meta-analysis and within-campus analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, 1982–2016
    (Elsevier, 2021) Twenge, Jean M.; Konrath, Sara H.; Cooper, A. Bell; Foster, Joshua D.; Campbell, W. Keith; McAllister, Cooper; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    Scholars posit that economically prosperous times should produce higher individualism and narcissism, and economically challenging times lower individualism and narcissism. This creates the possibility that narcissism among U.S. college students, which increased between 1982 and 2009, may have declined after the Great Recession. Updating a cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory to 2013 (k = 164, N = 35,095) and adding two within-campus analyses to 2015 (Study 2: UC Davis, N = 58,287) and 2016 (Study 3: U South Alabama, N = 14,319) revealed a non-monotonic pattern, with increases in NPI scores between 1982 and 2008 and declines thereafter. The decline in NPI scores during and after the recession took narcissism back to their original levels in the 1980s and 1990s. Implications for the interplay between economic conditions and personality traits are discussed.
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    Charitable Giving in Married Couples: Untangling the Effects of Education and Income on Spouses’ Giving
    (Sage, 2022) Mesch, Debra J.; Osili, Una Okonkwo; Dale, Elizabeth J.; Ackerman, Jacqueline; Bergdoll, Jon; O’Connor, Heather A.; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    This research note looks beyond the unitary household model and analyzes the influence of household resources by gender on charitable giving. We investigate the intrahousehold variables of income and education and their effects on giving behaviors in married couples. We use data from the longitudinal Philanthropy Panel Study (2005–2017) to examine how spouses’ income and educational differences affect charitable giving behaviors and introduce fixed effects to control for unobserved heterogeneity. Initially, we find a positive relationship between both the husband’s and wife’s earned and unearned incomes and the likelihood and amount of giving by married couples. However, when fixed effects are used, we find women’s earned income to be significantly associated with all forms of giving, showing that women’s labor market earnings disproportionately influence giving behavior. Education is less of a factor in whether couples give and influences giving only when the husband has more education than the wife.
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    The million dollar donor journey: Stages of development for high-net-worth women donors
    (Wiley, 2021) Dale, Elizabeth J.; O'Connor, Heather A.; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    Most charitable giving research focuses on individual donors at a specific point in time and uses quantitative surveys with limited data about donors' experiences. This study uses reflective interviews to examine the life trajectories of a cohort of women donors who have made gifts of $1 million or more to causes that benefit women and girls. By drawing from developmental psychology, we illustrate the iterative process of learning about giving—shaped by life experiences—that comprise the journey to becoming a million-dollar donor. We find that, in their journeys toward making their million-dollar commitment, women donors followed a shared trajectory with distinct stages and prompts for progression. Our findings provide guidance for fundraising professionals to recognize the stages of a potential donor's readiness to give and to facilitate progression in the journey, thus increasing the potential for more large-scale gift commitments in the future and deepening the donor–fundraiser relationship.