School of Health and Human Sciences

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The 4th International MOHO Institute: Summary and Reflections
(2015) Nakamura-Thomas, Hiromi; Van Antwerp, Leah R.; Ikiugu, Moses N.; Scott, Patricia J.; Bonsaksen, Tore
The 4th International Institute on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) was held October 23-24, 2015 at Indiana University-Purdue University in Indianapolis, USA. The title of the institute was: Reaching Out: Application of MOHO in Academic-Practice Partnerships.
A Handheld Quantifiable Soft Tissue Manipulation Device for Tracking Real-Time Dispersive Force-Motion Patterns to Characterize Manual Therapy Treatment
(IEEE, 2023) Bhattacharjee, Abhinaba; Anwar, Sohel; Chien, Stanley; Loghmani, M. Terry; Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
Objective: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading neuromusculoskeletal (NMSK) problems around the globe. Soft Tissue Manipulation (STM) is a force-based, non-invasive intervention used to clinically address NMSK pain conditions. Current STM practice standards are mostly subjective, suggesting an urgent need for quantitative metrics. This research aims at developing a handheld, portable smart medical device for tracking real-time dispersive force-motions to characterize manual therapy treatments as Quantifiable Soft Tissue Manipulation (QSTM). Methods: The device includes two 3D load-cells to quantify compressive and planar-shear forces, coupled with a 6 degrees-of-freedom IMU sensor for acquiring volitionally adapted therapeutic motions while scanning and mobilizing myofascial restrictions over larger areas of the body. These force-motions characterize QSTM with treatment parameters (targeted force, application angle, rate, direction, motion pattern, time) as a part of post-processing on a PC software (Q-Ware©). A human case study was conducted to treat LBP as proof-of-concept for the device's clinical usability. Results: External validation of treatment parameters reported adequate device precision required for clinical use. The case study findings revealed identifiable therapeutic force-motion patterns within treatments indicating subject's elevated force-endurance with self-reported pain reduction. Conclusion: QSTM metrics may enable study of STM dosing for optimized pain reduction and functional outcomes using documentable manual therapy. Clinical trials will further determine its reliability and comparison to conventional STM. Significance: This medical device technology not only advances the state-of-the-art manual therapy with precision rehabilitation but also augments practice with reproducibility to examine neurobiological responses of individualized STM prescriptions for NMSK pathology.
A reflection on the Great Resignation in the hospitality and tourism industry
(Emerald Publishing, 2022-08-12) Liu-Lastres, Bingjie; Wen, Han; Huang, Wei-Jue; Tourism, Event & Sport Management, School of Health and Human Sciences
Purpose This paper aims to provide a critical reflection on the Great Resignation in the hospitality and tourism industry in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this paper reviews the causes and effects of the Great Resignation, addresses the labor shortage in this industry and proposes strategies that can help manage the challenges. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a critical analysis of emerging phenomena, related literature and researchers’ experiences and insights. Findings The Great Resignation has presented unprecedented challenges for the hospitality and tourism industry. A closer examination reveals that the pandemic has served as a catalyst rather than a leading cause of this trend. Workforce issues are becoming increasingly complex under contemporary influences, including internal elements such as new explications at work and external factors like the gig economy and technology implementation. Practical implications This study provides practical implications on how Hospitality and Tourism practitioners can respond to the Great Resignation on micro, meso and macro levels. The practical implications revolve around employees’ changing needs and preferences in the wave of Great Resignation, as well as the necessity for employers’ reflection and improvement. Originality/value This study marks an initial attempt to provide a critical assessment of a contemporary issue involving the Great Resignation. This paper extends its discussion through an advanced analysis of the issue, offers suggestions to manage current obstacles related to labor issues in hospitality and tourism, and illuminates future research directions.
Academic Achievement & Parent Engagement in Latinx Families
(2022-05-02) Ortega Monge, Diana; Garcia-Wilburn, Victoria; Sego, Daniel; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Fuller, Tracy
The purpose of this project was to increase understanding of the needs of Latinx parents when engaging in their children’s academics. Moreover, it was important to provide the community center with recommendations based on the study’s results so that the center may better serve Latinx parents. Five mothers from Lafayette, IN discussed their strengths, challenges, and desired resources when being involved in their children’s learning and school activities. Five major themes were identified in the interviews. Theme 1: Ensuring that their children were at school on time was identified by most participants as the primary responsibility of parents. Theme 2: Having good communication was described as the main responsibility of teachers. Theme 3: Most mothers said that making sure their children were completing their homework was their biggest strength. Theme 4: Most participants revealed the language barrier was the biggest challenge to being involved in their child’s academics. The language barrier made it difficult to communicate with teachers, help with homework, and often made them feel uncomfortable in the school setting. Theme 5: A couple of the mothers stated that they desired more tutoring resources because they did not have the knowledge needed to understand and help with assignments. Based on these themes and the poor enrollment of Latinx students at the community center’s youth program, it is recommended that the center implement a marketing plan to reach the Latinx community who is not utilizing the center’s tutoring and other resources.
The Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) in Kenya
(Global Livestock CRSP, UC Davis, 2008-11) Nyandiko, Winstone; Siika, Abraham; Ernst, Judith A.; Ettyang, Grace; Neumann, Charlotte; Yiannoutsos, Constantin
In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 28 million people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 2001, Moi University in Eldoret, Kenya joined with Kenya’s second national referral hospital, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) and Indiana University (IU) to establish the Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH). AMPATH’s missions were to (1) provide high-quality patient care; (2) educate patients and health care providers; and (3) establish a laboratory for clinical research in HIV/AIDS (http://medicine.iupui.edu/kenya/hiv.aids.html). Leveraging the power of an academic medical partnership, AMPATH has quickly become one of the largest and most comprehensive HIV/AIDS control systems in sub-Saharan Africa, providing a comprehensive system of care that has been described as a model of sustainable development (Tobias, 2006). Delivery of services occurs in the public sector through hospitals and health centers run by Kenya’s Ministry of Health. AMPATH currently implements prevention activities that touch the lives of millions of persons in a wide geographic area. The research arm of AMPATH, created to facilitate and manage the international research agenda being generated by Kenyan and US faculty, includes the Global Livestock CRSP’s HIV Nutrition Project (HNP), “Increasing Animal Source Foods in Diets of HIV-infected Kenyan Women and Their Children,” which is a collaborative initiative between AMPATH and faculty from Moi University, Indiana University and the University of California, Los Angeles.
Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy Research Agenda: Rationale for the Development and the Intent for Use
(APTA Geriatrics, 2022-04) VanSwearingen, Jessie; Knox, Sara; Lowry, Kristin A.; Allison, Leslie K.; Ciolek , Cathy; Miller, Kenneth L.; Avin, Keith G.; Hartley, Greg W.; Exercise & Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
The rationale for the development and the intent for use of a research agenda for the Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy is described. The reasons for the research agenda for geriatric physical therapy are (1) to have a broad representation of the research conducted by physical therapist(s) working with older adults, (2) to provide guidance and assistance to emerging investigators to aid the trajectory of a research career, and (3) as a document to engage potential funding agencies, foundations, and individuals in support of physical therapist-conducted research. The design was based on the Research Agenda for Physical Therapy (APTA document), formatted to be consistent with the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, priority ratings for the research statements, and specific examples of research questions for each category of the Research Agenda. The Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy Research Agenda generated to be a living document, with revisions to research questions and priority ratings expected in the future to enable the agenda to adapt to changes in science, practice, workforce, education, and health policy.
Accessibility Guidelines for Increasing Independence in Daily Life for Children with Disabilities
(2023-04-30) Prentice, Alex; Hull, Kristin; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Chase, Tony
There is often a gap between how the environment is designed and what individuals with disabilities are able to do (Solvang & Haualand, 2014). I analyzed the limitations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as it applies to all areas of disability. Universal design is a good alternative to design recommendations from ADA as it strives to design for all people regardless of ability level. Universal design concepts and recommendations from an architect and disabled self-advocates were combined to create accessibility guidelines that surpass the limitations of the ADA. These guidelines were presented to a group of caregivers of children who use wheelchairs. Feedback received from the caregivers indicated that the guidelines will be used to assist them in making home modifications. The guidelines will continue to be updated and annually given to caregivers of participants in a community-based wheelchair skills program.
Accessible autonomous transportation and services: a focus group study
(Taylor & Francis, 2023-08-07) Sivakanthan, Sivashankar; Cooper, Rosemarie; Lopes, Celia; Kulich, Hailee; Deepak, Nikitha; Lee, Chang Dae; Wang, Hongwu; Candiotti, Jorge L; Dicianno, Brad E; Koontz, Alicia; Cooper, Rory A
Purpose: Existing automated vehicle transportation guidelines and regulations have minimal guidance to address the specific needs of people with disabilities. Accessibility should be at the forefront to increase autonomy and independence for people with disabilities. The purpose of this research is to better understand potential facilitators and barriers to using accessible autonomous transportation. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with key stakeholders derived from people with disabilities (n = 5), travel companions/caregivers (n = 5), and transportation experts or designers (n = 11). Results: The themes include describing stakeholder perceptions across all three groups by identified themes: autonomous vehicle assistive technology, autonomy vs automation, cost, infrastructure, safety & liability, design challenges, and potential impact. Conclusion: Specific gaps and needs were identified regarding barriers and facilitators for transportation accessibility and evidence-based guidance. These specific gaps can help to formulate design criteria for the communication between, the interior and exterior of accessible autonomous vehicles.
Achieving ADL Independence Post-Stroke Through Occupational Therapy Interventions
(2024-04-24) Wonnell, Cassie; Gulyas, Belle; DeGeorge, August; Knoy, Morgan; Warrick, Emilee; Fowler, Avery; Chase, Anthony; Lee, Chang Dae; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
This rapid systematic review evaluates the current literature on occupational therapy interventions aimed at improving ADL independence in post-stroke individuals. 28 studies were evaluated and 6 categories (task-oriented training, virtual reality and video games, technology, constraint-induced movement therapy, electrical stimulation, and other) of interventions were identified. The 28 articles used in this rapid systematic review were retrieved from PubMed and CINAHL using Covidence. Literature included are publications from the past 10 years, studies with participants 60+ years of age that have experienced a stroke, and studies with interventions focused on ADL independence. Level IV and V studies were excluded. TOT, CIMT/mCIMT, technology, E-stim, VR and virtual reality, sensory interventions, ankle-foot orthoses, and strategy training are evidence-based stroke interventions that have been showing improvement in ADL participation when compared to the standard of care. Findings reveal overall moderately strong evidence for the impact of the identified occupational therapy interventions on ADL performance for adults 60+ post-stroke. The current review supports six categories of interventions that improve ADL independence, which informs occupational therapy practice for older adult stroke patients.
Achilles tendon material properties are greater in the jump leg of jumping athletes
(ISMNI, 2016-06) Bayliss, Amy J.; Weatherholt, Alyssa M.; Crandall, Trent T.; Farmer, Danielle L.; McConnell, Jethro C.; Crossley, K. M.; Warden, Stuart J.; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
Purpose: The Achilles tendon (AT) must adapt to meet changes in demands. This study explored AT adaptation by comparing properties within the jump and non-jump legs of jumping athletes. Non-jumping control athletes were included to control limb dominance effects. Methods: AT properties were assessed in the preferred (jump) and non-preferred (lead) jumping legs of male collegiate-level long and/or high jump (jumpers; n=10) and cross-country (controls; n=10) athletes. Cross-sectional area (CSA), elongation, and force during isometric contractions were used to estimate the morphological, mechanical and material properties of the ATs bilaterally. Results: Jumpers exposed their ATs to more force and stress than controls (all p≤0.03). AT force and stress were also greater in the jump leg of both jumpers and controls than in the lead leg (all p<0.05). Jumpers had 17.8% greater AT stiffness and 24.4% greater Young’s modulus in their jump leg compared to lead leg (all p<0.05). There were no jump versus lead leg differences in AT stiffness or Young’s modulus within controls (all p>0.05). Conclusion: ATs chronically exposed to elevated mechanical loading were found to exhibit greater mechanical (stiffness) and material (Young’s modulus) properties.

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