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Item Pediatric Cerebral Palsy and Activities of Daily Living: Rapid Systematic Review(202-04-28) Farnlacher, Danielle F.; Lentz, Jordan L.; Ortega Monge, Diana O.; Nycz, Kimberly N.; Parker, Kirsten P.; Pence, Grace P.; Chase, Anthony C.; Petrenchik, Terry P.; Ralston, Rick R.; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human SciencesCerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor disability seen in children who often receive occupational therapy (OT) services. Because of this, there is an increased need for research on new clinical, group, and home-based OT interventions. OT practitioners play a critical role in providing developmental interventions to improve upper extremity function, balance, and motor processing for activities of daily living (ADLs), including self-care tasks and functional mobility. In order to assist OTs in making informed decisions regarding developmental interventions to improve performance, participation, and independence in ADLs for children aged zero to eighteen with CP, a rapid systematic review (RSR) was completed and includes the best available evidence within the reviewed literature. The findings of this review support functional training, education, technology, and supplemental modalities as interventions to improve performance in ADLs of children with CP. Overall, this review works to provide leading evidence supporting the use of various interventions in OT sessions.Item The effects of increased energy and protein intakes and highly active antiretroviral therapy on growth and body composition of HIV+ Romanian children.(Monduzzi Editore, 2000) Ernst, Judith A.; Heiser, C; Fineberg, N; Cuff, P; Dinu, M; Chintea, O; Vasile, R; Mullinax, M; Matusa, RDiet quality, growth and body composition were assessed over one year in 15 HIV+, prepubescent Romanian children. Those with highly active antiretroviral therapy (+HAART; n=5) vs medication naïve (-HAART; n=10) at Time 0 revealed a greater energy (E) intake in +HAART (p=0.01); both groups exceeded FAO recommended intakes for E and protein (PRO). No difference in age-adjusted weight (WT), height (HT), body mass index (BMI), arm fat (MAFA) or arm muscle was evident at baseline. Changes in z-scores of anthropometrics from 0 to 6 months, were greater in +HAART for WT (p=0.02), HT(p= 0.03), BMI (p=0.06), and MAFA (p <0.001); changes were not different from 6 to 12 months. We conclude that intakes exceeding recommendations for E and PRO are adequate to maintain growth in HIV-infected Romanian children; and HAART is associated with a greater caloric intake although this difference is not maintained over time.Item The Difference of Leisure Attitude according to between Korea and America Students’ Characteristics(2008) Park, Jang-Geun; Lee, Soonhwan; Lee, Yong-Ho; Lim, Ran-HeeThe purpose of this study was to examine for the deference of leisure activities attitude compared with Korean and America university students' characteristics of leisure activities attitude in subcategory factors of leisure activities attitude include recognitive attitude, definitive attitude, behavioral attitude. 241 M,H,Y university students in Korea and 143 North Carolina N university students are responded survey for this study from 2007, May to August. The collected data based of survey are analyzed through frequency analysis, t- test, one-way ANOV A analysis by SPSS WIN ver 12.0. The result is following : First, there were statistical difference of leisure activities attitude in behavioral attitude between Korean students and America students. Second, there were statistical difference shows difference grade sector, own major, personal expenses in recognitive attitude. Third, the statistical difference shows grade sector, personal expenses in definitive attitude. Forth, the statistical difference shows grade sector, own major and personal expenses in of behavioral attitude.Item Multiple groups confirmatory factor analysis of the motivational factors affecting individuals' decisions about participating in action sports and an inquiry into participant action sports participatory fandom(2008-02) Park, S. Roger; Lee, SoonhwanThe purpose of this current study was to examine if the Participant Motivations Questionnaire (PMQ) (Gill et al., 1983) was still valid for action sports participants. This study also examined factorial invariance of motivational factors of action sports participation across genders. In other words, the study wanted to test the motivational factors of action sports participation assumed to underlie the motivational factors independently for the male and female college students. Based on the results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the PMQ motivational factors of action sports participation do fit both male and female college students. The results of the multiple t-tests showed that female college action sports participants had higher motivation levels for achievement (p < 0.001), miscellaneous reasons (p < 0.01), skills development (p < 0.01), friendships (p < 0.01) and fun (p < 0.01).Item Influencing functional outcomes: a look at role performance and satisfaction with life following liver transplant(2008-09) Scott, Patricia J.; Misra, Vijay Laxmi; Mangus, Richard S.; Tector, A. Joseph; Lacerda, Marco A.; Vinayek, Rakesh; Munsch, Linda; Musick, Beverly; Kwo, PaulAbstract 572 The success of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), originally measured as survival, now extends to quality of the life saved. Return to work (RTW) is also a desired outcome. Our AIM was to explore the relationship between 5 pre-OLT factors & 5 post-OLT quality of life (QOL) domains with life satisfaction and primary productive role to better understand how to improve both. METHODS: Patients (pts)1-3 yrs post-OLT filled QOL form during follow-up clinic visits between 7/04 to 6/05. The Liver transplantation Database-Quality of life (LTD-QOL) form yielded data on 5 domains: measure of disease (MOD), psychological distress/well-being (PDW), personal function (PF), social/role function (SRF) & general health perception (GHP). Results: 229 pts were first categorized as satisfied overall with life (79%), or dissatisfied, and then assigned to groups based on primary productive role (51%), no primary productive role, or retired. Pre-OLT variables were age, gender, marital status, education, & etiology of liver disease; HCV (33%), alcohol liver disease (ALD)(11%), HCV+ALD (10%), & others (46%). Marital status & age were not significantly related to the outcome variables. Etiology of liver disease, education, and time since OLT and 5 post-OLT QOL domains were significantly associated with both outcome variables; satisfaction and primary productive role (p<.0001).To understand the differences, the 5 physical & men-tal QOL domains were regressed on primary productive role and satisfaction. Pts (mean age 54 yrs (19-74 yrs), males, 70%) fell into the category of primary productive role rates (51%). Pts transplanted for ALD were significantly (p<.05) more likely to be satisfied with life, whereas individuals with HCV±ALD, had lowest satisfaction and were most likely to be unable/uninterested in work. Stepwise logistical regression analysis of satisfaction demonstrated that GHP and SRF correlated most highly. Although satisfaction was significant in bivariate analysis, regression analysis of the influence of domains of QOL, as well as employment, demonstrated that SRF & GHP correlated most highly with life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: SRF and GHP correlate with good QOL post OLT. HCV patients have low levels of satisfaction whereas the highest level of satisfaction is in the ALD group. Further studies should address methods to improve satisfaction in those with HCV.Item HIV Infection and Nutrition Status: The Importance of Food in Disease Management(Global Livestock CRSP, UC Davis, 2008-11) Ernst, Judith A.; Ettyang, Grace; Neumann, Charlotte; Nyandiko, Winstone; Siika, AbrahamPreliminary evidence suggests that improved nutrition early in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may delay progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and delay the initiation or improve the effectiveness of antiretroviral drug therapy (ART). The scientific community has evolved in its appreciation of the value of food as an integral component of comprehensive care for individuals with HIV infection and AIDS. It is now well recognized that those who are food insecure and malnourished are more likely to fail drug treatment regimens. Body mass index (BMI) < 18 at the initiation of ART is strongly predictive of death. In addition, weight loss during the first four weeks of ART is also associated with death. A higher BMI is protective and is associated with better responses with ART. Patient response to nutrition intervention, however, may be confounded by the stage of HIV progression and other infections. That is, those who are in the earlier stages of the disease may respond better to aggressive nutrition intervention. The HIV Nutrition Project (HNP), "Increasing Animal Source Foods in Diets of HIV-infected Kenyan Women and Their Children," will evaluate the effect of protein quality and micronutrients found in meat on the health and nutritional well-being of women living with HIV in rural Kenya and the health and development of their children. By means of a randomized nutrition feeding intervention, researchers will study if the inclusion of meat added as an ingredient to a biscuit, when compared to soy or wheat, will best protect the immune system and prevent severe infection, prevent the loss of body mass and enhance the quality of life. These women are not yet receiving antiretroviral drugs and therefore not yet experiencing metabolic inefficiencies associated with AIDS.Item The Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH) in Kenya(Global Livestock CRSP, UC Davis, 2008-11) Nyandiko, Winstone; Siika, Abraham; Ernst, Judith A.; Ettyang, Grace; Neumann, Charlotte; Yiannoutsos, ConstantinIn sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 28 million people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 2001, Moi University in Eldoret, Kenya joined with Kenya’s second national referral hospital, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) and Indiana University (IU) to establish the Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH). AMPATH’s missions were to (1) provide high-quality patient care; (2) educate patients and health care providers; and (3) establish a laboratory for clinical research in HIV/AIDS (http://medicine.iupui.edu/kenya/hiv.aids.html). Leveraging the power of an academic medical partnership, AMPATH has quickly become one of the largest and most comprehensive HIV/AIDS control systems in sub-Saharan Africa, providing a comprehensive system of care that has been described as a model of sustainable development (Tobias, 2006). Delivery of services occurs in the public sector through hospitals and health centers run by Kenya’s Ministry of Health. AMPATH currently implements prevention activities that touch the lives of millions of persons in a wide geographic area. The research arm of AMPATH, created to facilitate and manage the international research agenda being generated by Kenyan and US faculty, includes the Global Livestock CRSP’s HIV Nutrition Project (HNP), “Increasing Animal Source Foods in Diets of HIV-infected Kenyan Women and Their Children,” which is a collaborative initiative between AMPATH and faculty from Moi University, Indiana University and the University of California, Los Angeles.Item Introduction to the HIV Nutrition Project (HNP): Increasing Animal Source Foods (ASF) in Diets of HIV-infected Kenyan Women and Their Children(Global Livestock CRSP, UC Davis, 2008-11) Ernst, Judith A.; Ettyang, Grace; Neumann, Charlotte; Nyandiko, Winstone; Siika, Abraham; Yiannoutsos, ConstantinMany of the 28 million people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) estimated to be living in sub-Saharan Africa also suffer from malnutrition. Reproductive-aged women, their infants and young children are among the most vulnerable to malnutrition and progression of HIV to AIDS. As seen in eastern and southern Africa, mortality is increased in the malnourished. The HIV Nutrition Project (HNP) researchers will be evaluating the effect of protein quality and micronutrients found in meat on the health and nutritional well-being of women living with HIV in rural Kenya and the health and development of their children. By means of a randomized nutrition feeding intervention, the study will determine if meat in the diets of HIV-infected women and their children (1) protects the immune system and prevents severe infection, (2) prevents the loss of lean body mass, enhancing the quality of life among these drug naive women and enabling women to carry out their activities of daily living, and (3) supports the growth and development of their vulnerable children when compared to those given supplements with the same amount of energy, but with either soya or wheat protein. The intervention food with beef protein provides significantly more vitamin B12, lysine and bio-available iron and zinc when compared to the soya and wheat supplements. Deficiencies of these nutrients may hasten HIV disease progression.Item Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults(Wiley, 2009-07-08) Liu, Chiung-ju; Latham, Nancy K.; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesLiu, C., & Latham, N. K. (2009). Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD002759. http://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002759.pub2Item Health Behavior Risk Factors Across Age as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis(2009-08) Cardi, Michelle; Munk, Niki; Sanjani, Faika; Kruger, Tina; Schaie, K Warner; Willis, Sherry LObjectives: The current study examines the prevalence of health risk behaviors and their cumulative effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) among a sample of adults. Age cohort is also examined to determine the role of age in predicting CVD and risky health behaviors. Method: Medical records of a sample of adults from the Seattle Longitudinal Study categorized into one of four age-group cohorts were examined. Data regarding participants' health risk behaviors were examined individually and cumulatively for predicting later CVD diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of CVD increases with age, obesity, and risky medical checkups. Female risky sleepers are more likely to receive a CVD diagnosis than men who report risky sleep patterns (p < .05). Discussion: A high risk of CVD appears to exist for adults across the life span, and several risky health behaviors also seem to place individuals more at risk for being diagnosed with CVD.