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25th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS-2016
(BioMed Central, 2016-08-18) Sharpee, Tatyana O.; Destexhe, Alain; Kawato, Mitsuo; Sekulić, Vladisla; Skinner, Frances K.; Wójcik, Daniel K.; Chintaluri, Chaitanya; Cserpán, Dorottya; Somogyvári, Zoltán; Kim, Jae Kyoung; Kilpatrick, Zachary P.; Bennett, Matthew R.; Josić, Kresimir; Elices, Irene; Arroyo, David; Levi, Rafael; Rodriguez, Francisco B.; Varona, Pablo; Hwang, Eunjin; Kim, Bowon; Han, Hio-Been; Kim, Tae; McKenna, James T.; Brown, Ritchie E.; McCarley, Robert W.; Choi, Jee Hyun; Rankin, James; Popp, Pamela Osborn; Rinzel, John; Tabas, Alejandro; Rupp, André; Balaguer‑Ballester, Emili; Maturana, Matias I.; Grayden, David B.; Cloherty, Shaun L.; Kameneva, Tatiana; Ibbotson, Michael R.; Meffin, Hamish; Koren, Veronika; Lochmann, Timm; Dragoi, Valentin; Obermayer, Klaus; Psarrou, Maria; Schilstra, Maria; Davey, Neil; Ju, Huiwen; Hines, Michael L.; Chen, Liang; Kim, Jimin; Leahy, Will; Shlizerman, Eli; Birgolias, Justas; Gerkin, Richard C.; Crook, Sharon M.; Viriyopase, Atthaphon; Memmeshei, Raol-Martin; Dabaghian, Yuri; DeVuti, Justin; Perotti, Luca; Kim, Ammo J.; Fenk, Lisa M.; Lyu, Cheng; Malmon, Gabby; Zhao, Chang; Widmer, Yves; Sprecher, Simon; Halnes, Geir; Tuomo, Maki-Martun; Keller, Daniel; Petterson, Klas H.; Andreassen, Ole A.; Elnevoll, Gaute T.; Yamada, Yasnori; Steyn-Ross, Moira L.; Steyn-Ross, D. Alistair; Meijas, Jorge F.; Murray, John D.; Kennedy, Henry; Kruscha, Alexandra; Grewe, Jan; Lidner, Benjamin; Badel, Laurent; Kasumi, Ohta; Tsuchimoto, Yoshiko; Kazama, Hokto; Kahng, B.; Tam, Nicoladie D.; Pollonini, Luca; Zouridakis, George; Soh, Jaehyun; Kim, DaeEun; Yoo, Minsu; Palmer, S.E.; Culmone, Viviana; Bojak, Ingo; Ferrario, Andrea; Merriosn-Hort, Robert; Borisyuk, Roman; Kim, Chang Sub; Tezuka, Taro; Joo, Pangyu; Young-Ah, Rho; Burton, Shawn D.; Bard, G.; Marsalek, Petr; Kim, Hoon-Hee; Moon, Seok-hun; Lee, Do-won; Molkov, Yaroslav I.; Hamade, Khaldoun; Teka, Wondimu; Barnett, William H.; Kim, Taegyo; Markin, Sergey; Rybak, Ilya A.; Forrow, Csaba; Demutz, Harald; Demkó, László; Vörös, János; Dabaghian, Yuri; Babichev, Andrey; Huang, Haiping; Metzner, Christoph; Schwikard, Achim; Zurowski, Bartosz; Roach, James P.; Sander, Leonard M.; Zochowski, Michal R.; Skilling, Quinton M.; Ognjanovski, Nicolette; Aton, Sara J.; Zochowski, Michal; Wang, Sheng-Ju; Ouyang, Guang; Zhang, Mingsha; Wong, Michael; Zhou, Changsong; Robinson, Peter A.; Sanz-Leon, Paula; Drysdale, Peter M.; Fung, Felix; Abeysuriya, Romesh G.; Rennle, Chris J.; Zhao, Xuelong; Choe, Yoonsuck; Yang, Huei-Fang; Mi, Yuanyuan; Lin, Xiahoan; Wu, Si; Liedtke, Joscha; Schottdorf, Manual; Wolf, Fred; Yamamura, Yorkio; Wickens, Jeffery R.; Rumbell, Timothy; Ramsey, Julia; Reyes, Amy; Draguljić, Daniel; Hof, Patrick R.; Luebke, Jennifer; Weaver, Christina M.; He, Hu; Yang, Xu; Ma, Hailin; Xu, Zhiheng; Wang, Yuzhe; Baek, Kwangyeol; Morris, Laurel S.; Kundu, Prantik; Voon, Valerie; Agnes, Everton J.; Vogels, Tim P.; Giese, Martin; Kuravi, Pradeep; Vogels, Rufin; Seeholzer, Alexander; Podlaski, William; Ranjan, Rajnish; Vogels, Tim; Torres, Joaquin J.; Baroni, Fabiano; Latorre, Roberto; Varona, Pablo; Gips, Bart; Lowet, Eric; Roberts, Mark J.; de Weerd, Peter; Jensen, Ole; van der Eerden, Jan; Goodarzinic, Abdorreza; Niry, Mohammad; Valizadeh, Alireza; Pariz, Aref; Parsi, Shervin S.; Valizadeh, Alireza; Warburton, Julia M.; Marucci, Lucia; Tamagnini, Francesco; Brown, John; Tsaneva‑Atanasova, Krasimira; Kleberg, Florence I.; Triesch, Jochen; Moezzi, Bahar; Iannella, Nicolangelo; Schaworonkow, Natalie; Plogmacher, Lukas; Goldsworthy, Mitchell R.; Hordacre, Brenton; McDonnell, Mark D.; Ridding, Michael C.; Trisch, Jochen; Zaptocky, Martin; Smit, Daniel; Fouquet, Coralie; Trembleau, Alain; Dasgupta, Sakyasingha; Nishikawa, Isao; Aihara, Kazuyuki; Toyoizumi, Taro; Robb, Daniel T.; Mellen, Nick; Toporikova, Natalia; Tang, Rongxiang; Tang, Yi-Yuan; Kiser, Seth A.; Howard Jr., James H.; Tang, Yi-Yuan; Goncharenko, Julia; Davey, Neil; Schilstra, Marla; Steuber, Volker; Voronenko, Sergej O.; Linder, Benjamin; Ahamed, Tosif; Stephens, Greg; Yger, Pierre; Lefebvre, Baptiste; Spampinato, Giulia Lia Beatrice; Esposito, Elric; Stimberg, Marcel; Marre, Olivier; Choi, Hansol; Song, Min-Ho; Chung, SueYeon; Lee, Dan D.; Sompolinsky, Haim; Phillips, Ryan S.; Smith, Jeffrey; Chatzikalymniou, Alexandra Pierri; Ferguson, Katie; Skinner, Frances K.; Gajic, N. Alex Cayco; Clopath, Claudia; Silver, R. Angus; Gleeson, Padraig; Marin, Boris; Sadeh, Sadra; Quintana, Adrian; Cantarelli, Matteo; Dura‑Bernal, Salvador; Lytton, William W.; Davison, Andrew; Silver, Angus; Li, Luozheng; Zhang, Wenhao; Mi, Yuanyuan; Wang, Dahui; Wu, Sl; Song, Youngjo; Park, Sol; Choi, Ilhwan; Jeong, Jaeseung; Shin, Hee‑sup; Choi, Hannah; Pasupathy, Anitha; Shea-Brown, Eric; Huh, Dongsung; Sejnowski, Terrence J.; Vogt, Simon M.; Kumar, Arvind; Schmidt, Robert; Werdt, Stephen Van; Schiff, Steven J.; Veale, Richard; Scheutz, Matthias; Lee, Sang Wan; Gallinaro, Júlia; Rotter, Stefan; Sanz‑Leon, Paula; Robinson, Peter A.; Rubchinsky, Leonid L.; Cheung, Chung Ching; Ratnadurai‑Giridharan, Shivakeshavan; Shomali, Safura Rashid; Ahmadabadi, Majid Nili; Shimazaki, Hideaki; Rasuli, Nader; Zhao, Xiaochen; Rasch, Malte J.; Witting, Jens; Priesemann, Viola; Levina, Anna; Priesemann, Viola; Lizler, Joseph T.; Spinney, Richard E.; Rubinov, Mikail; Wibral, Michael; Bak, Ji Hyun; Pillow, Jonathan; Zaho, Yuan; Park, Memming; Kang, Jiyoung; Park, Hae‑Jeong; Jang, Jaeson; Paik, Se-Bum; Choi, Woochul; Lee, Changju; Jang, Jaeson; Paik, Se‑Bum; Song, Min; Lee, Hyeonsu; Yilmaz, Ergin; Baysal, Velt; Ozer, Mahmut; Koren, Veronika; Obermayer, Klaus; Saska, Daniel; Nowotny, Thomas; Chan, Ho Ka; Diamond, Alan; Hermann, Christoph S.; Murray, Micha M.; Ionta, Silvlo; Hutt, Axel; Lefebvre, Jérémie; Weidel, Philipp; Duarte, Renato; Morrison, Abigail; Iyer, Ramakrishnan; Mihalas, Stefan; Petrovici, Mihai A.; Leng, Luziwei; Breitwieser, Oliver; Stöckel, David; Bytschok, Ilja; Martel, Roman; Bill, Johannes; Schemmel, Johannes; Meier, Karlheinz; Esler, Timothy B.; Burkitt, Anthony N.; Grayden, David B.; Kerr, Robert R.; Tahayori, Bahman; Meffin, Hamish; Moezzi, Bahar; Iannella, Nicolangelo; McDonnell, Mark D.; Nolte, Max; Reimann, Michael W.; Muler, Eilif; Markram, Henry; Parziale, Antonio; Senatore, Rosa; Marcelli, Angelo; Maouene, M.; Skiker, K.; Neymotin, Samuel A.; Dura‑Bernal, Salvador; Seidenstein, Alexandra; Lakatos, Peter; Sanger, Terence D.; Lytton, William W.; Dura‑Bernal, Salvador; Menzies, Rosemary J.; McLauchlan, Campbell; van Albada, Sacha J.; Kedziora, David J.; Neymotin, Samuel; Kerr, Cliff C.; Ryu, Juhyoung; Lee, Sang-Hun; Lee, Joonwon; Lee, Hyang Jung; Lim, Daeseob; Lee, Jung H.; Wang, Jisung; Lee, Heonsoo; Jung, Nam; Quang, Le Anh; Maeng, Seung Eu; Lee, Tae Ho; Lee, Jae Woo; Park, Chang-hyun; Ahn, Sora; Moon, Jangsup; Choi, Yun Seo; Kim, Juhee; Jun, Sang Beom; Lee, Seungjun; Lee, Hyang Woon; Jo, Sumin; Jun, Eunji; Yu, Suin; Goetze, Felix; Lai, Pik‑Yin; Kwag, Jeehyun; Liang, Guangsheng; Jang, Hyun Jae; Filipovi, Marko; Reig, Ramon; Aertsen, Ad; Silberberg, Gilad; Kumar, Arvind; Bachmann, Claudia; Buttler, Simone; Jacobs, Heidi; Dillen, Kim; Fink, Gereon R.; Kukolja, Juraj; Kepple, Daniel; Giaffar, Hamza; Rinberg, Dima; Shea, Steven; Koulakov, Alex; Bahuguna, Jyotika; Tetzlaff, Tom; Kotaleski, Jeanette Hellgren; Kunze, Tim; Peterson, Andre; Knösche, Thomas; Kim, Minjung; Kim, Hojeong; Park, Ji Sung; Yeon, Ji Won; Kim, Sung-Phil; Lee, Chungho; Kim, Sung-Phil; Spiegler, Andreas; Petkoski, Spase; Palva, Matias J.; Jirsa, Viktor K.; Saggio, Maria L.; Siep, Silvan F.; Stacey, William C.; Bernard, Christophe; Choung, Oh‑hyeon; Jeong, Yong; Lee, Yong‑il; Jeong, Jaesung; Kim, Su Hyun; Lee, Jeungmin; Kwon, Jaehyung; Kralik, Jerald D.; Hwang, Dong‑Uk; Park, Sang-Min; Kim, Seongkyun; Kim, Hyoungkyu; Lim, Sewoong; Yoon, Sangsup; Park, Choongseok; Miller, Thomas; Clements, Katie; Hye Jr., Eoon; Issa, Fadi A.; Baek, JeongHun; Oba, Shigeyuki; Yoshimoto, Junichiro; Doya, Kenji; Ishii, Shin; Mosqueiro, Thiago S; Strube‑Bloss, Martin F.; Smith, Brian; Huerta, Ramon; Hadrava, Michal; Hlinka, Jaroslav; Bos, Hannah; Helias, Moritz; Welzig, Charles M.; Harper, Zachary J.; Kim, Won Sup; Shin, In-Seob; Baek, Hyeon-Man; Han, Seung Kee; Richter, René; Vitay, Julien; Beuth, Frederick; Hamker, Fred H.; Kameneva, Tatiana; Graham, Bruce P.; Kale, Penelope J.; Gollo, Leonardo L.; Stern, Merav; Abbott, L.F.; Fedorov, Leonid A.; Giese, Martin A.; Ardestani, Mohammad Hovaidi; Giese, Martin; Chakravarthy, V.Srinivasa; Chhabria, Karishma; Philips, Ryan T.; Ardestani, Mohammad Hovaidi; Faraji, Mohammad Java; Preuschoff, Kerstin; Gerstner, Wulfram; Briaire`, Jeroen J.; Kalkman, Randy K.; Frijns, Johan H. M.; Lee, Won Hee; Frangou, Sophia; Fulcher, Ben D.; Tran, Patricia H. P.; Fornito, Alex; Gliske, Stephen V.; Stacey, William C.; Holman, Katherine A.; Fink, Christian G.; Kim, Jinseop; Mu, Shang; Briggman, Kevin L; Seung, H. Sebastian; Wegener, Detlef; Bohnenkamp, Lisa; Ernst, Udo A.; Mäki‑Marttunen, Tuomo; Halnes, Geir; Devor, Anna; Dale, Anders M.; Andreassen, Ole A.; Einevoll, Gaute T.; Hagen, Espen; Lines, Glenn T.; Edwards, Andy; Tveito, Aslak; Senk, Johanna; van Albada, Sacha J; Diesmann, Markus; Schmidt, Maximilian; Bakker, Rembrandt; Shen, Kelly; Bezgin`, Gleb; Hilgetag`, Claus‑Christian; Sun, Haoqi; Sourina, Olga; Huang, Guang-Bin; Klanner, Felix; Denk, Cornelia; Glomb, Katharina; Ponce‑Alvarez, Adrián; Gilson, Matthieu; Ritter, Petra; Deco, Gustavo; Witek, Maria A. G.; Clarke, Eric F.; Hansen, Mads; Wallentin, Mikkel; Kringelbach, Morten L.; Vuust, Peter; Klingbeil, Guido; Schutter, Erik De; Chen, Weiliang; Hong, Sungho; Takashima, Akira; Zamora, Criseida; Gallimore, Andrew R.; Karoly, Philippa J.; Freestone, Dean R.; Soundry, Daniel; Kuhlmann, Levin; Paninski, Liam; Cook, Mark; Lee, Jaejin; Fishman, Yonatan I.; Cohen, Yale E.; Cocchi, Luca; Sweeney, Yann; Lee, Soohyun; Jung, Woo-Sung; Kim, Bowon; Kim, Youngsoo; Jung, Younginha; Rankin, James; Chavane, Frédéric; Soman, Karthik; Muralidharan, Vignesh; Shivkumar, Sabyasach; Mandall, Alekhya; Priyadharsini, B. Praga; Mehta, Hima; Brinkman, Braden A.; Kekona, Tyler; Rieke, Fred; Shea‑Brown, Eric; Buice, Michael; Pittà, Maurizio De; Berry, Hugues; Brunel, Nicolas; Breakspear, Michael; Marsat, Gary; Drew, Jordan; Chapman, Phillip D.; Daly, Kevin C.; Bradley, Samual P.; Seo, Sat Byul; Su, Jianzhong; Kavalali, Enge T.; Blackwell, Justin; Shiau, LieJune; Buhry, Laure; Basnayake, Kanishka; Lee, Sue-Hyun; Levy, Brandon A.; Baker, Chris I.; Leleu, Timothée; Aihara, Kazuyuki; Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Science
3D Assessment of Nasopharyngeal and Craniofacial Phenotypes in Ts65Dn Down Syndrome Mice Treated with a Dyrk1a Inhibitor
(2014-04-11) Starbuck, John M.; Harrington, Emily; Kula, Katherine S.; Ghoneima, Ahmed A.; Roper, Randall J.
Background: Down syndrome (DS) originates from having three copies of chromosome 21 (i.e. Trisomy 21). DS is associated with many detrimental phenotypes including intellectual disabilities, heart defects, abnormal craniofacial development, and obstructive sleep apnea, which develops from restricted nasopharyngeal airways and an underdeveloped mandible. Ts65Dn mice are trisomic for about half of the orthologs on human chromosome 21 and display many phenotypes associated with DS including craniofacial abnormalities. Dyrk1a is found in three copies in Ts65Dn mice and individuals with DS, and thought to be a root cause of the craniofacial phenotypes. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a green tea polyphenol and inhibitor of Dyrk1a activity. Purpose: We hypothesize that decreased Dyrk1a activity in Ts65Dn mice will ameliorate craniofacial dysmorphology. Methods: To test our hypothesis we compared Ts65Dn mice with two or three copies of Dyrk1a and compared Ts65Dn mice with and without prenatal EGCG treatment. EGCG treated mothers were fed 200mg/kg EGCG on gestational day 7. Six week old mice were sacrificed and their heads imaged using micro-computed tomography (μCT). From μCT images, we measured nasopharyngeal airway volume and anatomical landmarks (n = 54) from the facial skeleton, cranial vault, cranial base, and mandible. Mean nasopharyngeal airway volumes were graphically compared, and a landmark-based multivariate geometric morphometric approach known as Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) was carried out to assess local differences in craniofacial morphology between trisomic mouse samples. Results: Our preliminary results indicate that EGCG treatment and reduced Dyrk1a copy number increases mean nasopharyngeal airway volume in Ts65Dn mice. Craniofacial morphometric differences were found among all samples. EGCG treatment increased portions of the mandible and decreased portions of the cranial vault and cranial base. Conclusion: Preliminary analyses suggest that both EGCG treatment and reduced Dyrk1a copy number affect craniofacial morphology.
3D Facial Matching by Spiral Convolutional Metric Learning and a Biometric Fusion-Net of Demographic Properties
(IEEE, 2021) Mahdi, Soha Sadat; Nauwelaers, Nele; Joris, Philip; Bouritsas, Giorgos; Gong, Shunwang; Bokhnyak, Sergiy; Walsh, Susan; Shriver, Mark D.; Bronstein, Michael; Claes, Peter; Biology, School of Science
Face recognition is a widely accepted biometric verification tool, as the face contains a lot of information about the identity of a person. In this study, a 2-step neural-based pipeline is presented for matching 3D facial shape to multiple DNA-related properties (sex, age, BMI and genomic background). The first step consists of a triplet loss-based metric learner that compresses facial shape into a lower dimensional embedding while preserving information about the property of interest. Most studies in the field of metric learning have only focused on 2D Euclidean data. In this work, geometric deep learning is employed to learn directly from 3D facial meshes. To this end, spiral convolutions are used along with a novel mesh-sampling scheme that retains uniformly sampled 3D points at different levels of resolution. The second step is a multi-biometric fusion by a fully connected neural network. The network takes an ensemble of embeddings and property labels as input and returns genuine and imposter scores. Since embeddings are accepted as an input, there is no need to train classifiers for the different properties and available data can be used more efficiently. Results obtained by a to-fold cross-validation for biometric verification show that combining multiple properties leads to stronger biometric systems. Furthermore, the proposed neural-based pipeline outperforms a linear baseline, which consists of principal component analysis, followed by classification with linear support vector machines and a Naïve Bayes-based score-fuser.
3D facial phenotyping by biometric sibling matching used in contemporary genomic methodologies
(Public Library of Science, 2021-05-13) Hoskens, Hanne; Liu, Dongjing; Naqvi, Sahin; Lee, Myoung Keun; Eller, Ryan J.; Indencleef, Karlijne; White, Julie D.; Li, Jiarui; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Hens, Greet; Wysocka, Joanna; Walsh, Susan; Richmond, Stephen; Shriver, Mark D.; Shaffer, John R.; Peeters, Hilde; Weinberg, Seth M.; Claes, Peter; Biology, School of Science
The analysis of contemporary genomic data typically operates on one-dimensional phenotypic measurements (e.g. standing height). Here we report on a data-driven, family-informed strategy to facial phenotyping that searches for biologically relevant traits and reduces multivariate 3D facial shape variability into amendable univariate measurements, while preserving its structurally complex nature. We performed a biometric identification of siblings in a sample of 424 children, defining 1,048 sib-shared facial traits. Subsequent quantification and analyses in an independent European cohort (n = 8,246) demonstrated significant heritability for a subset of traits (0.17-0.53) and highlighted 218 genome-wide significant loci (38 also study-wide) associated with facial variation shared by siblings. These loci showed preferential enrichment for active chromatin marks in cranial neural crest cells and embryonic craniofacial tissues and several regions harbor putative craniofacial genes, thereby enhancing our knowledge on the genetic architecture of normal-range facial variation.
3D Printing of Human Ossicle Models for the Biofabrication of Personalized Middle Ear Prostheses
(MDPI, 2022-10-31) Dairaghi, Jacob; Rogozea, Dan; Cadle, Rachel; Bustamante, Joseph; Moldovan, Leni; Petrache, Horia I.; Moldovan, Nicanor I.; Physics, School of Science
The middle ear bones (‘ossicles’) may become severely damaged due to accidents or to diseases. In these situations, the most common current treatments include replacing them with cadaver-derived ossicles, using a metal (usually titanium) prosthesis, or introducing bridges made of biocompatible ceramics. Neither of these solutions is ideal, due to the difficulty in finding or producing shape-matching replacements. However, the advent of additive manufacturing applications to biomedical problems has created the possibility of 3D-printing anatomically correct, shape- and size-personalized ossicle prostheses. To demonstrate this concept, we generated and printed several models of ossicles, as solid, porous, or soft material structures. These models were first printed with a plottable calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite paste by extrusion on a solid support or embedded in a Carbopol hydrogel bath, followed by temperature-induced hardening. We then also printed an ossicle model with this ceramic in a porous format, followed by loading and crosslinking an alginate hydrogel within the pores, which was validated by microCT imaging. Finally, ossicle models were printed using alginate as well as a cell-containing nanocellulose-based bioink, within the supporting hydrogel bath. In selected cases, the devised workflow and the printouts were tested for repeatability. In conclusion, we demonstrate that moving beyond simplistic geometric bridges to anatomically realistic constructs is possible by 3D printing with various biocompatible materials and hydrogels, thus opening the way towards the in vitro generation of personalized middle ear prostheses for implantation.
3D simulation of a viscous flow past a compliant model of arteriovenous-graft annastomosis
(Elsevier, 2019-03) Bai, Zengding; Zhu, Luoding; Mathematical Sciences, School of Science
Hemodialysis is a common treatment for end-stage renal-disease patients to manage their renal failure while awaiting kidney transplant. Arteriovenous graft (AVG) is a major vascular access for hemodialysis but often fails due to the thrombosis near the vein-graft anastomosis. Almost all of the existing computational studies involving AVG assume that the vein and graft are rigid. As a first step to include vein/graft flexibility, we consider an ideal vein-AVG anastomosis model and apply the lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary (LB-IB) framework for fluid-structure-interaction. The framework is extended to the case of non-uniform Lagrangian mesh for complex structure. After verification and validation of the numerical method and its implementation, many simulations are performed to simulate a viscous incompressible flow past the anastomosis model under pulsatile flow condition using various levels of vein elasticity. Our simulation results indicate that vein compliance may lessen flow disturbance and a more compliant vein experiences less wall shear stress (WSS).
60kDa Lysophospholipase, a New Sgk1 Molecular Partner Involved in the Regulation of ENaC
(2010) Menniti, Miranda; Iuliano, Rodolfo; Föller, Michael; Sopjani, Mentor; Alesutan, Ioana; Mariggiò, Stefania; Nofziger, Charity; Perri, Angela M.; Amato, Rosario; Blazer-Yost, Bonnie; Corda, Daniela; Lang, Florian; Perrotti, Nicola
The serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (Sgk1) is essential for hormonal regulation of ENaC-mediated sodium transport and is involved in the transduction of growth-factor-dependent cell survival and proliferation. The identification of molecular partners for Sgk1 is crucial for the understanding of its mechanisms of action. We performed a yeast two-hybrid screening based on a human kidney cDNA library to identify molecular partners of Sgk1. As a result the screening revealed a specific interaction between Sgk1 and a 60 kDa Lysophospholipase (LysoLP). LysoLP is a poorly characterized enzyme that, based on sequence analysis, might possess lysophospholipase and asparaginase activities. We demonstrate that LysoLP has indeed a lysophospholipase activity and affects metabolic functions related to cell proliferation and regulation of membrane channels. Moreover we demonstrate in the Xenopus oocyte expression system that LysoLP downregulates basal and Sgk1-dependent ENaC activity. In conclusion LysoLP may represent a new player in the regulation of ENaC and Sgk1-dependent signaling.
7 Things You Should Know About Virtual Labs
(2020-08-14) Badillo, Joseph; Londino-Smolar, Gina; Savvides, Philippos; Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science
Virtual labs are interactive, digital simulations of activities that typically take place in physical laboratory settings.
A Bbs5 mouse model reveals pituitary cilia contributions to developmental abnormalities
(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-08-19) Bentley, Melissa R.; Engle, Staci E.; Haycraft, Courtney J.; Andersen, Reagan S.; Croyle, Mandy J.; Clearman, Kelsey R.; Rains, Addison B.; Berbari, Nicolas F.; Yoder, Bradley K.; Biology, School of Science
Primary cilia are critical sensory and signaling compartments present on most mammalian cell types. These specialized structures require a unique signaling protein composition relative to the rest of the cell to carry out their functions. Defects in ciliary structure and signaling result in a broad group of disorders collectively known as ciliopathies. One ciliopathy, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS; OMIM 209900), presents with diverse clinical features, many of which are attributed to defects in ciliary signaling during both embryonic development and postnatal life. For example, patients exhibit obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, developmental delay, and skeletal abnormalities along with sensory and cognitive deficits, but for many of these phenotypes it is uncertain which are developmental in origin. A subset of BBS proteins assembles into the BBSome complex, which is responsible for mediating transport of membrane proteins into and out of the cilium, establishing it as a sensory and signaling hub. Here we describe two new mouse models for BBS resulting from a congenital null and conditional allele of Bbs5. Bbs5 null mice develop a complex phenotype including craniofacial defects, skeletal shortening, ventriculomegaly, infertility, and pituitary anomalies. Utilizing the conditional allele, we show that the male fertility defects, ventriculomegaly, and pituitary abnormalities are only found when Bbs5 is mutated prior to P7 indicating a developmental origin. In contrast, mutation of Bbs5 results in obesity independent of the age of Bbs5 loss. Compared to other animal models of BBS, Bbs5 mutant mice exhibit pathologies that suggest a specialized role for Bbs5 in ciliary function.
A conclusive theorem on Finsler metrics of sectional flag curvature
(arXiv, 2018-12-22) Huang, Libing; Shen, Zhongmin; Mathematical Sciences, School of Science
If the flag curvature of a Finsler manifold reduces to sectional curvature, then locally either the Finsler metric is Riemannian, or the flag curvature is isotropic.

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