IUPUI Research Day 2013

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https://hdl.handle.net/1805/4887

A program book describing the Research Day 2013 events and posters is available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4914.

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Actual and Prescribed Energy and Protein Intakes for Very Low Birth Weight Infants: An Observational Study
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Abel, Deborah; Poindexter, Brenda; Denne, Scott; Cruse, Wendy; Engel, William; Rickard, Karyl
Objectives: To determine (1) whether prescribed and actual energy and protein intakes during the first two weeks of life met Ziegler’s estimated requirements for Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants, (2) if actual energy during the first week of life correlated with time to regain birth weight and reach full enteral nutrition (EN) defined as 100 kcal/kg/day, (3) if growth velocity from time to reach full EN to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) met Ziegler’s estimated fetal growth velocity, and lastly (4) to examine growth outcomes at 36 weeks PMA. Study design: Observational study of feeding, early nutrition and growth of 40 VLBW infants <30 weeks GA at birth in three tertiary care newborn intensive care units NICUs).
Acute Exercise Activates Pulmonary eNOS and Lowers Pulmonary Pressure in Rats with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Chingombe, Tsungai J.; Reddy, Jag; Fisher, Amanda; Presson, Robert G.; Lahm, Tim; Petrache, Irina; Brown, Mary Beth
NO-dependent arterial relaxation is impaired in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Exercise may be beneficial in PAH, just as it is for systemic vascular disease, via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity. However, exercise-induced cardiac stress in PAH could also promote detrimental RV inflammation. We investigated pulmonary pressure and eNOS, as well inflammatory indicators in the RV, following a single 45 min run bout at moderate intensity in a rat model of PAH. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either monocrotaline to induce PAH, or saline, for healthy controls. A subset of PAH and healthy controls performed 4 wks of progressive TM familiarization (15-30min, 8-20 m/min) in preparation for their final 45 min run @ 75% of VO2max. Immediately following the run, RV systolic pressure was measured and RV and lung tissues were harvested and cryofixed. eNOS and phosphorylated (at Ser1177) eNOS (p-eNOS) was measured via immunoblotting in lung homogenates and expressed normalized to vinculin. Immunofluorescence for inflammatory markers CD45/68 in cryofixed RV sections evaluated the acute inflammatory response to exercise. MCT reduced VO2max and caused RV hypertrophy (expressed as RV/LV+septum) as consistent with this model. RVSP (normalized by systemic BP) was lower in PAH-Ex vs. unexercised PAH with no difference between exercised and unexercised controls. Greater p-eNOS was measured in PAH-Ex lung compared to unexercised PAH, with no difference between exercised and unexercised controls. PAH-Ex also tended to have greater pulmonary eNOS than their unexercised counterparts. No greater exercise-induced CD45/68 infiltration was observed in RV of PAH compared to that of controls. In rats with moderate MCT-induced PAH, a single exercise bout does not increase acute RV inflammation but lowers pulmonary pressure, possibly mediated in part via pulmonary eNOS activation.
Affordable Exercise Opportunities Improve the Health and Fitness of Inner-City Residents
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) McIntire, Jordan; Sermersheim, Mitchel; Arnold, Tracie
Background: Physically Active Residential Communities and Schools (PARCS) is an 11-year old community-based exercise program in inner-city Indianapolis. Staffed by 200 undergraduate students who provide health/fitness assessments and exercise leadership for academic credit, PARCS offers exercise opportunities where none existed. Purpose: We present member demographic, baseline and outcome health/fitness data after one month of joining. Methods: Members (N = 113) who joined between February and May 2012 and received a one month follow-up assessment are included. Cost was $20/year or free with a medical referral. Members signed a consent form, completed health and demographic questionnaires, and were evaluated for upper-body (UBS), lower-body (LBS) strength and endurance, cardiovascular fitness (CVF), body mass index (BMI), resting heart rate (RHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). One-month follow-up assessments were encouraged but not required. Attendance and health metrics were logged. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: Members were 48.75+14.64 years old, 46.25% Black, 45.99% White, 5.43% Hispanic, and 2.33% multiracial/other. Data showed 11.95% did not attend or complete high school, 23.9% obtained a diploma or GED, 32.57% obtained a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree, and 65.78% earned <$40,000/year. Average attendance was 2.90 times/month. Baseline vs. follow-up measures showed an improvement in UBS (113 + 20.08 vs. 115 + 5.98, arm curls/30 sec, p <0.001), LBS (14.03 + 5.19 vs. 15.54 + 5.14, p<0.001 chair stands/ 30 sec), CVF (85.02+24.42 vs. 95.35+28.20, p<0.001, steps/2 min), RHR (76.92 + 13.28 vs. 73.10 + 13.28, beats/min, p<0.001), SBP (127.03 + 14.00 vs. 122.87 + 11.62 mmHg, p<0.001), and DBP (78.74 + 10.13 vs. 75.39 + 9.55 mmHg, p<0.001). BMI (34.77 + 10.76 vs. 34.33 + 10.47) was maintained. Conclusion: Members were able to exercise enough to improve or maintain health/fitness outcomes suggesting affordable and accessible exercise programs could benefit community health.
AFM-Based Nanofabrication: Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Verification
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Promyoo, Rapeepan; El-Mounayri, Hazim; Karingula, Varun Kumar; Varahramyan, Kody
Recent developments in science and engineering have advanced the fabrication techniques for micro/ nanodevices. Among them, atomic force microscope (AFM) has already been used for nanomachining and fabrication of micro/nanodevices. In this paper, a computational model for AFM-based nanofabrication processes is being developed. Molecular Dynamics (MD) technique is used to model and simulate mechanical indentation and scratching at the nanoscale. The effects of AFM-tip radius and crystal orientation are investigated. The simulation is also used to study the effect of the AFM tip speed on the indentation force at the interface between the tip and the substrate/workpiece. The material deformation and indentation geometry are extracted from the final locations of atoms, which are displaced by the rigid indenter. Material properties including modulus of elasticity and hardness are estimated. It is found that properties vary significantly at the nanoscale. AFM is used to conduct actual nanoindentation and scratching, to validate the MD simulation. Qualitative agreement is found. Finally, AFM-based fabrication of nanochannels/nanofluidic devices is conducted using different applied forces, scratching length, and feed rate.
African American Female Students’ Mathematics Experiences
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Berhane, Saba Na'Imah; Morton, Crystal
Given the paucity of studies that focus specifically on African American female students in relation to mathematical development, this study is an effort to address the gap in empirical knowledge. Using interview data, this qualitative pilot study sought to understand African American female middle school students’ perceptions of: (1) mathematics; (2) themselves as learners and (3) their mathematics learning experiences. This study focused on the middle school years, because it is during these years that students solidify their conception of self as mathematics learners, develop stable beliefs about their ability to do mathematics and the importance of mathematics. Common themes emerged from the data, including strong identities as learners and positive attitudes towards academic success in general and in mathematics.
Albrecht Dürer: changes in his artwork during the Reformation
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Schendel, Tory L.
The research conducted is to explain the stylistic changes that occurred in Albrecht Dürer’s art during the transitioning period from medieval to Renaissance. By acquiring Dürer’s Nachlass [private diary] from the IU Lily Library and reading literature from the top medieval and Renaissance specialists, such as David Price, Andrew Morrall, and Erwin Panofsky, the influence stemmed from Dürer’s new found faith in Lutheranism. No longer did Dürer focus solely on monograms, he introduced the art of triptychs. Studies believe that Dürer only created triptychs while working in Giovanni Bellini’s workshop, but this study allots reasoning to the Reformation.
Amphibian Limb Regeneration and Cell Cycle Regulation
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Ziliak, Tyler
Partial or full regeneration of limbs is an exclusive capability owned by a few amphibians, and this occurrence is often a potent factor to the survival of a species or its ability to thrive in an environment. A restricted ability, a greater understanding would have a profound impact and clear applications in the treating of human diseases, ailments, and injuries. Further grasping the mechanisms behind natural regeneration and its occurrence at different stages and under different stimuli may allow for mimicry in the influence of tissues for human benefit. In an antecedent study, it was observed that ecotropic viral integrative factor 5 (EVI5) was perpetuating itself at a greater rate in sample tissues of the regenerationcompetent axolotl salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum) as opposed to control tissue where this increase was null. EVI5 arrests the cells after Synthesis phase and G2 phase before the cells enter into Mitosis until prospective cells dedifferentiate and there is a an established blastema-the instrument by which regeneration continues. This study wished to show what proteins are expressed in the blastema tissue at these stages and to ascertain these previous findings. Samples of the axolotl were taken at 1, 4, and 7 days post-amputation where the amputation was made either midway or two-thirds towards the distal end of the tibia-fibula pairing. Samples were embedded and cut into sections with a cryostat at approximately -20 degrees Celsius. Immunofluorescent staining was utilized with EVI5 as primary antibody for the target site and anti-goat as the second antibody; in addition, H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining was employed to more definitively identify the nuclear structures of the cut and stained sections. Slides were observed under microscope to decipher protein expression and compare results. Positive identification of EVI5 reinforces its importance in delaying Mitosis so that a blastema can form and regeneration can occur.
ANSA: Becoming a Recovery Focused Tool
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Walton, Betty A.; Kim, Hea-Won; Park, SeonHye
The Adult Needs and Strength Assessment (ANSA, Lyons, 2009) has been used across public mental health and addiction services in Indiana to help develop intervention plans and to monitor client progress. ANSA consists of six core domains (Life Functioning, Behavioral Health Needs, Risk Behaviors, Strengths, Acculturation, and Caregiver). Domain items are rated on a four-point scale to describe the degree to which a need interferes with functioning or a useful strength is present. Despite statewide implementation, literature related to the ANSA is scarce. The study evaluates the psychometric properties of ANSA and its role as an outcome performance measure. Adults for whom the ANSA had been rated at four points between 2008 and 2010 were included (N=6320). Internal consistency reliability was measured for each ANSA domain and outcome measure. Reliable change indices (RCI) for each domain were used to calculate significant change. At each point of assessment and across time, the Cronbach’s alphas for all domains, except Risk Behaviors, are in the acceptable to high ranges (0.71 to 0.92), indicating good internal consistency and stability. For outcome performance measures, a more realistic timeframe for assessments (12 months) was required to document reliable improvement in at least one ANSA domain for individuals with serious mental health needs. The Residential Stability outcome measure has the low internal consistency and stability. From the recovery perspective, a new Community Integration measure was proposed as an alternative outcome measure and proved to be reliable (α = .90). Study findings helped enhance the ANSA tool, create a new outcome measure, and inform state policy. Specifically, bridging research to practice, findings resulted in restructuring the ANSA Risk Domain and modifying how outcomes are measured for adults in recovery focused behavioral health services.
Anti-angiogenic activity of kidney derived endothelial cells
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Basile, David P.; Mallet, Coleen; Yoder, Mervin C.
The identification of novel endogenous mediators of angiogenic/vasculogenic processes may provide for novel therapeutic targets to modulate blood vessel growth in disease states, such as cardiovascular disease or cancer. Studies in our lab have shown that blood vessels in kidney have little endogenous regenerative capacity. Kidney derived microvascular endothelial cells (KEC) were isolated from rat kidney or from transgenic mice bearing the temperature sensitive SV40 mutant (and subsequently grown at non-permissive temperature, 37oC). Both rat and mouse KECs manifested significantly reduced growth rates when compared with several commonly used EC lines (rat pulmonary EC, HUVEC and human cord blood colony forming ECs). In 2D matrigel assays, all commonly used ECs faithfully formed characteristic branching structures; while all KECs failed to form stabile branching structures. Time-course analysis of branching activity demonstrated that KEC initially formed primitive branching nodes within 3 hours of culture, but these structures regressed such that no branched structures were observed between 6-12 hours. Co-culture of KECs with any branching competent EC impaired branching dose dependently. When co-cultured with ECFC, labeled KECs incorporated into primitive ECFC branches within the first 3 hours of plating. However, when compared with ECFC branches, ECFC-KEC mixed branches showed a more rapid regression of the branched structures between 12-24 hrs. Interestingly, conditioned media from KEC did not affect branching of competent ECFC. Taken together, these data indicate that KEC have anti-angiogenic activity that may destabilize ECs during angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenic activity requires cell-cell contact, suggesting the possible presence of an angio-inhibitory molecule on the cell surface of KECs. Current and future studies seek to generate additional KEC lines, and will determine if KEC cell fractions mediate the anti-angiogenic effect. In addition, we will seek to determine if KECs mitigate progression of angiogenic dependent tumor formation in vivo.
Application of Adaptive Estimation Techniques on Battery Fault Diagnosis
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Singh, Amardeep; Izadian, Afshin; Anwar, Sohel
High energy storage systems like Li-ion Batteries are one of the most widely used renewable energy sources today. They find applications in everyday electronic gadgetry, critical medical devices, hybrid & electric vehicles to name a few. Our study aims to observe continuously the state of the Li-ion battery and detect Over Charge (OC) and Over Discharge (OD) failures occurring in real time. Both conditions are detrimental to the health of the battery, while over charge can lead to overheating and thus vaporization of active material and hence explosion, over discharge can short the battery cell. However, these types of failures can be detected before they occur and by raising a flag before the system reaches the failure condition such failure modes can be avoided. Different battery models based on equivalent circuit approach are constructed using the impedance spectroscopy data from Li-ion battery cells. Kalman filters are used to estimate the state of each system and subsequent residuals are generated for each model. Multiple model adaptive estimation is then used, where the generated residuals are evaluated and the fault probabilities are generated. Based on these probabilities, the system is classified as normal operation, OC fault or OD fault. Simulation results show that the battery faults can be detected and diagnosed in real time, thereby proving to an effective way of Li-ion battery fault diagnosis.

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