Browsing by Subject "Ethics"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 82
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Altered standards of care for health care providers in the pandemic influenza
    (Indiana University, 2009) Kinney, Eleanor D.; McCabe, Heather A.; Gilbert, Amy Lewis; Shisler, Janna Jo
    Pandemic influenza will pose tremendous challenges to health care providers, state public health authorities, and the public. All will have to conduct business under the most adverse of circumstances. It will be difficult for providers to meet the customary legal standards of care imposed by state and federal regulatory authorities, as well as the common law tort system. This white paper will explore the legal issues associated with altered standards of care in pandemic influenza.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    An ethical analysis of endoscopic therapy decision-making in patients with refractory substance use disorder and chronic pancreatitis
    (Elsevier, 2022) Al-Moussally, Feras; Fogel, Evan L.; Helft, Paul R.; Medicine, School of Medicine
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Animal Use: A Conscientious Objection
    (Atlanta Clincal & Translational Science Institute, 2009) Banga, John
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Benchmarks for ethically credible partnerships between industry and academic health centers: beyond disclosure of financial conflicts of interest
    (Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.), 2015-12) Meslin, Eric M.; Rager, Joshua B.; Schwartz, Peter H.; Quaid, Kimberly A.; Gaffney, Margaret M.; Duke, Jon; Tierney, William H.; Department of Philosophy, IU School of Liberal Arts
    Relationships between industry and university-based researchers have been commonplace for decades and have received notable attention concerning the conflicts of interest these relationships may harbor. While new efforts are being made to update conflict of interest policies and make industry relationships with academia more transparent, the development of broader institutional partnerships between industry and academic health centers challenges the efficacy of current policy to effectively manage these innovative partnerships. In this paper, we argue that existing strategies to reduce conflicts of interest are not sufficient to address the emerging models of industry-academic partnerships because they focus too narrowly on financial matters and are not comprehensive enough to mitigate all ethical risk. Moreover, conflict-of-interest strategies are not designed to promote best practices nor the scientific and social benefits of academic-industry collaboration. We propose a framework of principles and benchmarks for "ethically credible partnerships" between industry and academic health centers and describe how this framework may provide a practical and comprehensive approach for designing and evaluating such partnerships.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Biobanks and Electronic Health Records: Ethical and Policy Challenges in the Genomic Age
    (IU Center for Applied Cybersecurity Research, 2009-10) Meslin, Eric M.; Goodman, Kenneth
    In this paper we discuss the ethical and policy challenges presented by the construction and use of biobanks and electronic health records systems, with a particular focus on how these resources implicate certain types of security concerns for patients, families, health care providers and institutions. These two technology platforms are selected for special emphasis in this paper for two reasons. First and foremost, there is a close connection between them. Indeed, of the many accepted definitions, this one from the German National Bioethics Commission provides a sense of this close connection and the great power and reflects the great power these two separate platforms provide to probe more deeply the connection between genotype and phenotype: "...[B]iobanks are defined as collections of samples of human bodily substances (e.g., cells, tissues, blood or DNA as the physical medium of genetic information) that are or can be associated with personal data and information on their donors." Second, these two topics implicate both clinical ethics issues (those arising at the bedside for health care providers and patients), and human research ethics issues (issues arising for scientists, research subjects, ethics review bodies and regulatory authorities). Both of these sub-specialty areas confront similar and complementary ethical issues; for example, issues arising from the nature and adequacy of informed consent, the sufficiency of systems to protect personal privacy and confidentiality, or the need to balance concerns relating to data security and the need to know. A growing research base supports calls for more attention to these issues, and yet current professional ethics frameworks and policy consultation methods are poorly organized and ill-equipped to anticipate and fully address ethical issues in health information technology generally, or to provide adequate ethical assessment of the tools that elicit these issues. Our strategy is to orient readers to the history and context of these issues, to frame several key challenges for researchers and policy makers, and then to close with several recommendations for next steps.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Can text messages make people kinder?
    (Oxford UP, 2014) Konrath, Sara H.
    Empathic character is a set of interrelated dispositions, skills, motivations, emotions, and behaviors that involve a habitual responsiveness to others’ needs. It is linked to higher prosocial behavior, lower aggression, and better health. There is much research demonstrating both its consistency within people over time and its malleability in response to environmental and situational cues, including face-to-face interventions. In this paper I examine whether it is possible to increase empathic character using a mobile-based program. A large body of research in public health has used text messages to improve physical health outcomes and behaviors, but no research has examined whether text messages can be used to change traits. We conducted a study (N=90) in which participants received 6 daily empathy-building text messages for a 2 week period, versus a control group. We found that those in the empathy group showed some evidence of increased empathic character compared to control participants. The chapter ends by discussing implications of this work for a deeper understanding of empathic character, and some future directions of this research.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Challenges in institutional ethical review process and approval for international multicenter clinical studies in lower and middle-income countries: the case of PARITY study
    (Frontiers Media, 2024-11-05) Lopez-Baron, Eliana; Abbas, Qalab; Caporal, Paula; Agulnik, Asya; Attebery, Jonah E.; Holloway, Adrian; Kissoon, Niranjan Tex; Mulgado-Aguas, Celia Isabel; Amegan-Aho, Kokou; Majdalani, Marianne; Ocampo, Carmen; Pascal, Havugarurema; Miller, Erika; Kanyamuhunga, Aimable; Tekleab, Atnafu Mekonnen; Bacha, Tigist; González-Dambrauskas, Sebastian; Bhutta, Adnan T.; Kortz, Teresa B.; Murthy, Srinivas; Remy, Kenneth E.; Global Health Subgroup of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Background: One of the greatest challenges to conducting multicenter research studies in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is the heterogeneity in regulatory processes across sites. Previous studies have reported variations in requirements with a lack of standardization in the Institutional Review Board (IRB) processes between centers, imposing barriers for approval, participation, and development of multicenter research. Objectives: To describe the regulatory process, variability and challenges faced by pediatric researchers in LMICs during the IRB process of an international multicenter observational point prevalence study (Global PARITY). Design: A 16-question multiple-choice online survey was sent to site principal investigators (PIs) at PARITY study participating centers to explore characteristics of the IRB process, costs, and barriers to research approval. A shorter survey was employed for sites that expressed interest in participating in Global PARITY and started the approval process, but ultimately did not participate in data collection (non-participating sites) to assess IRB characteristics. Results: Of the 91 sites that sought IRB approval, 46 were successful in obtaining approval and finishing the data collection process. The survey was completed by 46 (100%) participating centers and 21 (47%) non-participating centers. There was a significant difference between participating and non-participating sites in IRB approval of a waiver consent and in the requirement for a legal review of the protocol. The greatest challenge to research identified by non-participating sites was a lack of research time and the lack of institutional support. Conclusions: Global collaborative research is crucial to increase our understanding of pediatric critical care conditions in hospitals of all resource-levels and IRBs are required to ensure that this research complies with ethical standards. Critical barriers restrict research activities in some resource limiting countries. Increasing the efficiency and accessibility of local IRB review could greatly impact participation of resource limited sites and enrollment of vulnerable populations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Classroom use of narrative and documentary film leads to an enhanced understanding of culture and diversity in science
    (Association of College and Biology Educators, 2016) Gonzalez, Edward L. F.; Lewis, C. T.; Slayback-Barry, D.; Yost, Robert W.
    For a first-year seminar, Windows on Science, the authors developed a cooperative learning activity around film designed to meet two of the campus-wide Principles of Undergraduate Learning. The teaching method utilizes the power of storytelling by screening narrative and documentary films. In the process, the methodology helps students to realize the contributions of many cultures, specifically African Americans, to our knowledge of science and the advancement of scientific methodology. Additionally, students are exposed to issues that focus on ethical conduct in the sciences and that provide an opportunity to discuss the leadership role that women have played in advancing science and technology. A pedagogical approach using narrative and documentary film in a freshman science course is an effective means for promoting an understanding of the endeavors and contributions of minorities and women in science, and for developing an increased awareness of issues concerning diversity and ethics.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Confronting the ethics of pandemic influenza planning
    (2008-07-24T14:46:15Z) Monroe, Judith A.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Conscience Sensitive Approach To Ethics and Teaching Caring Attitudes
    (2005-10) Gaffney, Margaret M.; Galvin, Matthew R.; Stilwell, B
    An I.U. Conscience Project and HELP Collaboration. The article describes models for teaching ethics and caring attitudes to undergraduate medical students in both formal and informal medical education curriculum. Competency based curriculum is discussed.