Browsing by Subject "Community"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 28
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    21st -Century Community Foundations
    (2015-06-08) Carson, Emmett
    Community foundations across the United States are actively thinking through how to engage with donors who have local, national, and international interests. This paper examines how different community foundations are responding to changing definitions of community to meet the needs of their donors and their local communities. It posits that the key characteristic of community foundations compared to other donor advised fund providers is their leadership and civic engagement within and outside of their stated geography. I wrote this paper because increasingly, community foundations are wrestling with this definitional issue, which is becoming a fundamental question to their operations. It’s not going away—it shouldn’t go away—and community foundations have a responsibility to explore and debate what can and will happen as a result.
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    Addressing Pollution-Related Global Environmental Health Burdens
    (AGU, 2018-02-19) Filippelli, Gabriel M.; Taylor, Mark P.; Earth Sciences, School of Science
    New analyses are revealing the scale of pollution on global health, with a disproportionate share of the impact borne by lower‐income nations, minority and marginalized individuals. Common themes emerge on the drivers of this pollution impact, including a lack of regulation and its enforcement, research and expertise development, and innovative funding mechanisms for mitigation. Creative approaches need to be developed and applied to address and overcome these obstacles. The existing “business as usual” modus operandi continues to externalize human health costs related to pollution, which exerts a negative influence on global environmental health.
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    Adolescent Substance Use Following A Deadly U.S. Tornado Outbreak: A Population-Based Study of 2,000 Families
    (Taylor & Francis, 2017) Danielson, Carla Kmett; Sumner, Jennifer A.; Adams, Zachary W.; McCauley, Jenna L.; Carpenter, Matthew; Amstadter, Ananda B.; Ruggiero, Kenneth J.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Objective: Despite conceptual links between disaster exposure and substance use, few studies have examined prevalence and risk factors for adolescent substance use and abuse in large, population-based samples affected by a recent natural disaster. We addressed this gap using a novel address-based sampling methodology to interview adolescents and parents who were affected by the fourth deadliest tornado outbreak in U.S. history. Method: Post-disaster interviews were conducted with 2,000 adolescent-parent dyads living within a 5-mile radius of the Spring 2011 U.S. tornadoes. In addition to descriptive analyses to estimate prevalence, hierarchical linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine a range of protective and risk factors for substance use and abuse. Results: Approximately 3% reported substance abuse since the tornado. Greater number of prior traumatic events and older age emerged as consistent risk factors across tobacco and alcohol use and substance abuse since the tornado. Tornado incident characteristics, namely greater loss of services and resources after the tornado and PTSD since the tornado, were associated with greater alcohol consumption. Service loss increased risk for binge drinking, whereas, for substance abuse, PTSD increased risk and parent presence during the tornado decreased risk. Greater family tornado exposure was associated with a greater number of cigarettes smoked in female but not male teen participants. Conclusions: Both trauma and non-trauma-related factors are relevant to post-disaster substance abuse among adolescents. Future research should examine the role of broader ecological systems in heightening or curtailing substance use risk for adolescents following disaster exposure.
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    Biorepository and integrative genomics initiative: designing and implementing a preliminary platform for predictive, preventive and personalized medicine at a pediatric hospital in a historically disadvantaged community in the USA
    (Springer Nature, 2018-08) Jose, Rony; Rooney, Robert; Nagisetty, Naga; Davis, Robert; Hains, David; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Current healthcare is evolving to emphasize cost-effective care by leveraging results and outcomes of genomic and other advanced research efforts in clinical care and preventive health planning. Through a collaborative effort between the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital (LBCH), the Biorepository and Integrative Genomics (BIG) Initiative was established to set up a pediatric-based DNA biorepository that can serve as a foundation for successful development of delivery platforms for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical services in Memphis, Tennessee, a historically disadvantaged community in the USA. In this paper, we describe the steps that were followed to establish the biorepository. We focused on domains that are essential for implementation of a biorepository for genomic research as an initial goal and identified patient consent, DNA extraction, storage and dissemination, and governance as essential components. Specific needs in each of these domains were addressed by respective solutions developed by multidisciplinary teams under the guidance of a governance model that involved experts from multiple hospital arenas and community members. The end result was the successful launch of a large-scale DNA biorepository, with patient consent greater than 75% in the first year. Our experience highlights the importance of performing pre-design research, needs assessment, and designing an ethically vetted plan that is cost-effective, easy to implement, and inclusive of the community that is served. We believe this biorepository model, with appropriate tailoring according to organizational needs and available resources, can be adopted and successfully applied by other small- to mid-sized healthcare organizations.
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    Built from Beet Sugar: Community Attachment and the Remnants of Industry
    (2024-10) Rodrigues, Nicole Nadine; Scarpino, Philip V.; Robertson, Nancy Marie; Dean, David R.
    Glendale Arizona’s original beet sugar factory, built in 1906, resides in the city’s historic downtown, defying metropolitan Phoenix’s progressive habit of tearing down historic properties. This thesis endeavors to unpack and rediscover the continuing legacy of the deindustrialized factory, and how in a vacant and seemingly abandoned state, few within the community of citizens, local governments officials, and investors advance any definite plans for renovation, rehabilitation, or even demolition. The purpose of this research is to better understand why the city of Glendale, encompassing past and present generations of residents, remains content with the now derelict state of the Beet Sugar Factory and how the city’s past, present, and future are reflected in its enduring influence. Analytical research looked to uncover how community attachment and sentimentality significantly influence the continued existence of the Beet Sugar Factory, despite the factory no longer offering any economic influence. Research into the extensive notes on beet sugar experimentation at the end of the nineteenth century and historical newspaper data provided evidence of the factory’s early success with securing investments and producing beet sugar and then the subsequent failure and slide into abandonment. Oral interviews with present government officials and residents, modern newspaper articles, and current podcasts were juxtaposed with earlier commentaries and analysis, clearly presenting a timeline of the Beet Sugar Factory’s fall from prominence to neglect while maintaining a place of sentimental reverence within the community. The outcome of this research resulted in revealing that Glendale’s beet sugar factory is a microcosm of how community sentimental attachment in an urban environment, despite decades of waning purpose and eventual decline by desertion, is the heart of preservation. In the end, community attachment within an urban environment is more important to preservation than detached criteria.
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    Civic-Minded Rubric 2.0
    (2017-07-10) Weiss, H. Anne; Hahn, Thomas W.; Norris, Kristin E.
    The Civic-Minded Graduate Rubric 2.0 was developed in order to travel across multiple artifacts of and experiences in learning and service. The goal was to create a practical tool for faculty and staff to use when assessing either a large, broad civic learning goal related to obtaining a tertiary education- being a civic minded graduate- or assessing a certain aspect of being civic-minded as it relates to a specific learning experience, initiative, pedagogy or program (empathy, curiosity, depth of community engagement, etc.).
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    Community and Art
    (2021-05) Haymaker, Shawn; Misluk, Eileen
    Community may hold different meanings to different people and situations, which may or may not be bound by physical space. Community is not well defined and is especially difficult to define in literacy research. It was hypothesized the definition of community would include similarities on a broader scale, although there may be differences that reflect diverse cultural traits on a smaller scale. This study was a parallel mixed methods research study that utilized a systematic literature review and a convenient survey design aimed to understand how community-based providers define the term “community” within their work. Connection, support, commonality, were among the highest mentioned when asked in the survey, “what does community mean to you?” Listening, dialogue, and communication were important key elements when asked, “what makes community thrive?” The survey results indicated sense of belonging and bonding of like minds were the most important aspects of community, as well as, connection, support, and common values, ideals and traits were important factors in defining community. A guideline for clinicians was provided as they define community in their work across the world, cultures, and ethnicities.
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    Community Ethical Decision-Making Model: Knowing the Past, Present, and Future
    (2020) Guzman, Maria V.; Leigh, Heather
    An integrative literature review was used to gather information on existing ethical decision-making models in order to formulate key themes for a recently developed model. Concepts including ecology theory, and inclusion of emotion arousal with art-making were explored in the literature review. A consideration of the historical context of communities with a foundation of current ethical codes, principles and models helped inform the completion of the model, Community Ethical Decision-Making: Knowing the Past, Present, and Future. It is important to note when looking at this model that ethical principles and decision-making steps are tailored for community work. This unique perspective views the community as the client and a core belief reflects that strengthening the community strengthens the individual and vice versa.
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    Community- and Systems-level Factors that Contribute to Foster Care Entry: Perspectives from Child-Serving Professionals
    (Taylor & Francis, 2023-06-12) Mariscal, E. Susana; Victor, Bryan G.; Elliot, Jenna M.; Smith, Jamie K.; Ashirifi, Gifty D.; Commodore-Mensah, Miriam M.
    Discussions around reasons for foster care entry primarily focus on family-level service needs. However, families exist within social environments that can either increase or reduce risk for foster care entry. This qualitative study draws on interviews (n = 27), focus groups (n = 7), and open-ended survey responses (n = 548) from child-serving professionals in Indiana to identify community- and systems-level factors contributing to entry. Through qualitative coding we identified eight themes at the community- and systems-levels that direct attention toward modifiable dimensions of the social environment that can serve as targets for policy and practice reform.
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    COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia
    (MDPI, 2023-04-20) Alharbi, Talal Ali F.; Alqurashi, Alaa Ashraf Bagader; Mahmud, Ilias; Alharbi, Rayan Jafnan; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Almustanyir, Sami; Maklad, Ahmed Essam; AlSarraj, Ahmad; Mughaiss, Lujain Nedhal; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Ahmed, Ahmed Ali; Barry, Mazin; Ghozy, Sherief; Alabdan, Lulwah Ibrahim; Alif, Sheikh M.; Sultana, Farhana; Salehin, Masudus; Banik, Biswajit; Cross, Wendy; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Medicine, School of Medicine
    (1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14–12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91–6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12–2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis.