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The IUPUI Center for Translating Research Into Practice illustrates and fosters interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research targeting goals which work toward the betterment of people’s lives across communities, our state, and beyond.
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Item Art Academies and Art Academy Schemes in Britain and Ireland, 1600-1770(16-07-20) Kelly, Jason M.Before (and after) the establishment of the Royal Academy in London in 1768, there were numerous individuals and associations that proposed or implemented plans to create academies for the arts in Britain and Ireland. Examples can be traced to at least the early seventeenth century. To date, there is no publication that pulls together a single list of academies and/or academy schemes in seventeenth- and eighteenth- century Britain and Ireland. In the chart below, I bring together the manuscript and secondary literature to offer a timeline of schemes, proposals, recommendations, and attempts to establish academies for the arts in Britain and Ireland between 1600 and 1770.Item Prenatal diagnosis of cystinosis(1975-10) States, Beatrice; Blazer, Bonnie; Harris, Dorothy; Segal, StantonCystinosis was diagnosed in a small quantity of cultured amniotic cells from a 22-week-old fetus by a modified pulse-labeling technique in which intracellular 55Sl-cystine retention was measured. As a result of the above finding, the pregnancy was terminated by administration of prostaglandin. The diagnosis was confirmed when the nonprotien-free cystine cystine content of the kidney, liver, placenta, spleen, thymus, and gut, as well as that of a large amount of cultured amniotic cells, was found to be 100-fold higher than normal levels.Item Late-onset nonketotic hyperglycinemia and spinocerebellar degeneration(1979-06-01) Steiman, Gerald S.; Yudkoff, Marc; Berman, Peter H.; Blazer-Yost, Bonnie; Segal, StantonInvestigation of a 15-year old boy with progressive optic atrophy and spinocerebellar degeneration revealed elevated plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine glycine concentrations. During an oral glycine loading test, the patient's plasma glycine concentration rose to a higher level than control values, although the initial rate of rise was slower; there was no concomitant rise in the plasma serine concentration. An oral serine loading test resulted in a prompt rise of both glycine and serine serum concentrations. The renal glycine clearance was elevated, and the renal tubular glycine reabsorption was diminished. These findings of decreased intestinal uptake and increased renal tubular glycine clearance suggest that a generalized derangement of glycine entry into cells may account for the phenotypic manifestations of the disorder.Item Acetylation of albumin by low doses of aspirin(1981-08) Burch, John W.; Blazer-Yost, BonnieAspirin has a variety of pharmacologic actions, which are expressed at different doses of the drug. An effect on platelet function occurs at very low doses of aspirin (1,2). Indeed, a large number of clinical trials have been carried out to assess whether low to moderate doses of aspirin (180 to 1500 mg per day) taken prophylactically will affect the natural history of a variety of diseases in which thrombosis is thought to play a role (3).Item Aldosterone-induced proteins in renal epithelia(1982-10-28) Blazer-Yost, Bonnie; Geheb, Michael A.; Preston, Alan; Handler, Joel; Cox, MalcolmSimilar aldosterone-induced proteins have been demonstrated in two renal epithelia, the urinary bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus, and epithelia formed by cells of the A6 line derived from the kidney of the toad, Xenopus laevis. The proteins are induced along with the stimulation of Na+ transport but their synthesis is not dependent on Na+ transport per se. In view of the similar characteristics of the aldosterone-induced proteins in these two different epithelia, we suggest that they may have an important role in aldosterone-induced Na+ transport.Item Golden Parachutes: Contests, Issues and Trends.(Academy of Management Proceedings, 1983) Wartick, Steven L.; Cochran, Philip L.This paper explores a relatively new executive perquisite, golden parachutes (GP's). The number of firms that have or are planning to adopt GP's is discussed. Features of GP's are outlined. Reasons that firms have adopted GP's are explored. Finally, a series of arguments against this practice are laid out.Item "Golden Parachutes": A Closer Look(University of California, 1984) Cochran, Philip L.; Wartick, Steven L.This article describes various aspects related to the policy of golden parachutes (GP). Discussed are golden parachutes in regards to changes in organizational control, voluntary and involuntary termination, and guaranteed employment provisions. In regards to the question of who has golden parachutes, the authors examined the proxy statements of all of the 1981 Fortune 500 companies. Content analysis of these statements was conducted. The authors determined that 11 percent of those firms had GPs. Also discussed is what is included in a GP, the pros and cons of GPs, and the legal perspectives.Item Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance(Academy of Management Journal, 1984) Cochran, Philip L.; Wood, Robert A.The relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance is reexamined using a new methodology, improved technique, and industry-specific control groups. Average age of corporate assets is found to be highly correlated with social responsibility ranking. After controlling for this factor, there still is some correlation between corporate social responsibility and financial performance.Item Institutional Capacity And The Resolution Of A Commons Dilemma(Review of Policy Research, 1985) Blomquist, William; Ostrom, ElinorThis article concerns the dynamic process of resolving a commons dilemma without an externally imposed solution. We focus on two approaches: a model by Lewis and Cowens (1983) that yields a cooperative private arranghent that incorporates voluntarily chosen public institutions as instruments facilitating a resolution of the commons dilemma. The conditions necessary to Lewis and Cowen's result–a Itresolution without institutions–are contrasted with Ilinstitutional capacity” conditions treated as variables that may take on values enhancing the possibility of resolution. This latter approach yields certain advantages: less extreme assumptions, greater descriptive relevance, and the possibility of a variety of actual resolutions. A description of the case of West Basin in Southern California offers an example of the interaction of institutional capacity with participants' actions to produce a successful resolution of a commons dilemma.Item The composition of boards of directors and incidence of golden parachutes(Academy of Management Journal, 1985) Cochran, Philip L.; Wood, Robert A.; Jones, Thomas B.Golden parachutes are a new and controversial management perquisite that allow covered managers to voluntarily resign and collect substantial remuneration—in some cases several million dollars—after a triggering event, usually a hostile takeover. This ability to unilaterally pull a ripcord has provoked much criticism of this perquisite. Critics of golden parachutes see them as evidence that senior managers can he more interested in maximizing their own incomes than in shareholder returns. Business Week, for example, in an editorial entitled “The Gilded Ripoff,” stated that the ethical difference hetween golden parachutes and theft is “hard to discern” (1982:136). On the other hand, proponents of golden parachutes justify them as a means of attracting and keeping new managerial talent as well ensuring that current management remains objective, loyal, and on board during a hostile takeover attempt. What characteristics are firms that give managers contracts with golden parachutes likely to have' One possible factor is the composition of a firm's board of directors, since it is the board that must ultimately approve such arrangements. Perhaps directors who are insiders are likely to be less independent of the CEO and senior management than are directors who are outsiders. Bacon and Brown reported general agreement among board members of major U.S. corporations that “the board should have a majority of outside directors.…[to] properly carry out its responsibilities and maintain its necessary independence of management” (1977:91). This suggests that if managers want golden parachutes they are more likely to get them in firms that have a high percentage of directors who are insiders. Thus we expect: Hypothesis 1: The probability that firms will give their management golden parachute contracts is positively related to the percentage of directors who are insiders. Another factor likely to be related to whether or not firms provide golden parachutes is the amount of stock that members of boards of directors own. Directors who own substantial amounts of stock should be more inclined to put the interests of stockholders above those of management. To the extent that golden parachutes are unwarranted diversions of stockholder monies, they should be more common in firms with boards that own relatively little of the firms' stock than in firms with boards that own much stock. Thus: Hypothesis 2: The probability that firms will grant golden parachute contracts is negatively related to the percentage of total stock outstanding that their boards of directors own. The size of firms is likely to be related to their propensity to issue golden parachutes. Large firms, at least until 1984, were not considered likely takeover targets, so their managements had less incentive to acquire this particular perquisite than did small firms' managers. In addition, small firms may feel more need to offer such an exotic perquisite than do large firms. Thus: Hypothesis 3: The probability that firms will grant golden parachute contracts is negatively related to their size. Firms that are underperforming and therefore not achieving full potential profits are more likely to be takeover targets than are firms with healthy profits. Further, underperformers are more likely than strong firms to find it difficult to attract and retain qualified managers. Thus: Hypothesis 4: The probability that firms will grant golden parachute contracts is negatively related to their financial performance. Finally, since debt is unattractive to a potential raider, firms that are highly leveraged are less likely takeover targets than those that are not. In fact, adding financial leverage is a defensive tactic often used to avoid takeovers (Brealey & Myers, 1981: 674). Thus we expect: Hypothesis 5: The probability that firms will grant golden parachute contracts is negatively related to their debt.