IUPUI Research Day 2016

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/1805/9277

A program describing the Research Day 2016 events and posters is available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1805/9288.

Browse

Now showing 1 - 10 of 251

A Rechargeable Lithium Battery with Li2O2 Cathode in Closed Systems
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Bhargav, Amruth; Fu, Yongzhu
Li-O2 batteries have one of the highest theoretical specific energy of 3,458 Wh/kg when the weight of the primary discharge product, i.e., Li2O2, is considered. Thus, this BIL (Beyond Lithium Ion) battery technology, if made practical, will find extensive usage especially in the successful electrification of vehicles. However, there are many challenges. Current Li-O2 batteries demonstrated in labs have been limited to “open systems”, i.e., batteries that have a porous carbon cathode that “breathes” pure oxygen. The limitations of these systems are the requirement of pure oxygen. In addition, the consensus among researchers on specific capacity (mAh/g) calculations based on active materials is lacking because extra oxygen is continuously supplied to cells upon cycling. One solution to these limitations is the use of closed systems, i.e., storage and reuse of O2 within the cell. Recently, our group has demonstrated a closed and rechargeable lithium battery with Li2O2 cathode for the first time. This platform is unique as it shows, for the first time in literature, capacites and rate capability based on mass of Li2O2. The cell shows a close-to-theoretical capacity over 18 cycles and shows 50 cycles when the charge capacity is limited to 50% of theoretical. It allows other studies on the stability of electrolyte, electrode kinetics, and oxygen storage materials. This system can eleminate the issues of open systems such as impurities oxygen gas and evaporation of electrolyte. Unstable electrolytes are a major bottleneck in Li-O2 batteries. Such a system provides a suitable medium to optimize electrolytes and other cell components.
Effect of the Pharmacist-managed Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Services (CVRRS) on the Diabetic Retinopathy Outcome Measures
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Kaur, Palakpreet; Gonzalvo, Jasmine; Weber, Zach; Bhatwadekar, Ashay D.
Indianapolis Diabetes mellitus is affecting many people throughout the world. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a long-term complication of diabetes associated with impaired vision. If left untreated DR may eventually lead to blindness. DR is caused by a damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, 5-10 % of the diabetic patients with normal retinal exams will develop DR within a year of their last retinal exam. The diabetic individuals who currently have DR are similarly susceptible to developing more severe retinopathy. Unfortunately many individuals with diabetes fail to receive education about maintaining glycemic control, medication management and recommended frequency of tests to monitor diabetic complications such as DR. Several studies have shown that the disease management services are effective in improving the quality of care for persons with diabetes. An increasing number of disease management programs utilize pharmacists to assist in the disease management of diabetic individuals. For this clinical study we evaluated the effect of pharmacistmanaged CVRRs on the development of DR in over 100 diabetic individuals. The patient records were assessed for demographics (e.g. age, sex etc.), metabolic parameters (lipid profile, HbA1c) along with number of pharmacist appointments and ophthalmology records. We observed that 95% of the patients who have had pharmacist intervention have been able to keep their retinopathy from getting worse or have improved it. Our studies suggest that there is a correlation supporting the theory that pharmacist intervention helps manage or reduce the severity of DR. Further studies can be conducted in the area to find potential ways to help decrease the severity of DR in patients with diabetes and maybe even prevent diabetic patients from developing DR.
Spatial and Temporal Scaling of Unequal Microbubble Coalescence
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Chen, Rou; Yu, Huidan (Whitney); Zhu, Likun; Lee, Taehun; Patil, Raveena M.
We numerically study coalescence of air microbubble in water, with density ratio 833 and viscosity ratio 50.5, using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Focuses are on the effects of size inequality of parent bubbles on the coalescence geometry and time and underlying dynamics of unequal microbubble coalescence. Twelve cases, varying the size ratio of large to small parent bubble γ from 5.33 to 1, are systematically investigated. The “coalescence preference” of coalesced bubble closer to the larger parent bubble is well captured. A power-law relation between the preferential relative distance χ and size inequality γ as χ ∼ γ−2.079 is consistent to the recent experimental observations. Meanwhile, the coalescence time also exhibits power-law scaling as T ∼ γ−0.7, implying that unequal bubbles coalesce faster than equal bubbles. Such a time scaling of coalescence on size inequality is believed the first-time observation as the fast coalescence of microbubbles is generally hard to be recorded through laboratory experimentation.
Does Tribute Belong in the Lifestyle: A Comparative Study of Lifestyle and Professional Dominatrices
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Farrington, Elizabeth M.
This study is a qualitative study to analyze the similarities and differences between lifestyle dominatrices (women who are not paid money to perform dominant acts on submissives) and professional dominatrices (women who are paid money to perform dominant BDSM acts on submissives). Three professional dominatrices and three lifestyle dominatrices were interviewed one on one as part of this study. There were also Three professional dominatrices blogs and three lifestyle dominatrices blogs used as well. These two types of dominatrices were compared on how they view the other type of dominatrix and tribute (money and gifts). The lifestyles seem to all believe that professionals do serve a purpose, but do not want them to advertise to submissives at kink events. There is also a belief, held by lifestyles, that professionals are not genuinely interested in BDSM because they are being paid to perform BDSM. However, a majority of the professionals would consider themselves lifestyles as well, because they practice BDSM with their romantic partners. When it comes to tribute professionals of course accept it, but there is a split between lifestyles on this subject. Some lifestyles are completely against tribute and believe accepting tribute makes you a professional. Then there are some lifestyles who accept and expect tribute from submissives. The purpose of this study is to expand our understanding of lifestyle and professional dominatrices. This study has been approved by IU’s Institutional Review Board.
Assessment of Diabetes Clinical Trial Candidates Using Systems Pharmacology
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Ali, Mohammed; Essex, Adam; Pham, Trang; Redmond, Rachael; Valdez, Sinai
Curating molecular interactions is crucial to understanding how drugs work on molecular systems implicated in a disease and could provide future prospects for applications such as drug repositioning. For this project, we curated disease-specific drugs and protein interactions to help us understand Type II Diabetes in light of systems pharmacology. The pharmacological efficacy of drugs can be assessed based on their ability to regulate gene expressions in diabetic patients to resemble those of a healthy individual at a pathway level. Two drugs with a high level of similarity should share similar pharmacological effects, including drug target, side effects, mechanism of action, structure, and up or down-regulation of genes associated with diabetes. We focused on the relationships between drugs, proteins, and the disease, utilizing drug-drug similarity networks, a disease-specific protein-protein interaction network model, and the standardized curation of protein interactions by mining primary databases to visualize these relationships as they relate to Type II Diabetes. First, drugs were gathered from primary databases using proteins associated with the disease. From there, a drug-drug similarity network was constructed by examining similar targets, structures, side effects, and mechanism of action between drugs. To construct a disease-specific pathway model, proteins associated with Type II Diabetes were gathered from databases, PAG Electronic Repository and Connectivity-Maps, and analyzed from protein studies from the Diabetes Genome Anatomy Project and microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus, generating a validated list of disease-specific proteins. Then, interactions and regulations within the proteins were determined to generate a diseasespecific protein-protein interaction model to provide insights to the disease itself and mechanisms of action of drugs related to Type II Diabetes. In the future, the drug-drug similarity network, the protein-protein interaction network model, and the protein and drug interactions could possibly aid in the repurposing of drugs for Type II Diabetes.
Development of Undergraduate STEM Students through Global Service-Learning in a Medical Context
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Scheive, Melanie; Fore, Grant; Sorge, Brandon
Global service-learning and study abroad programs have the potential to affect students’ personal, social, and professional development. The exact ways in which this development is influenced by international medical service-learning has not been thoroughly explored in the literature. This study analyzes the motivations, experiences, and outcomes of undergraduate STEM students participating in a weeklong international medical service-learning and study abroad trip to Las Canas, Dominican Republic. Participants had various backgrounds, STEM majors, and career goals. Utilizing a mixed-methods research approach consisting of observations, interviews, participant reflections, and pre- and post-trip surveys, several of the meaningful motivations, experiences, and outcomes for the participants were identified. Additionally, two case studies were produced by qualitatively collecting data from multiple sources and reporting the description and themes of the cases. The specific aims of this study were understanding: 1) the individual experiences during a health science-based study abroad trip that are instrumental in refining and solidifying STEM interest; and 2) the personal, social, and professional student-level outcomes produced by an international medical service-learning experience. Through the case studies, the combined impact of past and trip experiences was explored as it relates to experiential learning and identity development. For case study participants Brianna and Hannah, the trip combined multiple experiences that were relevant to their career goals, such as working with underserved populations and involvement with global health.
Isoform-Specific Inactivation and Aggregation of CaMKII under Ischemic-Like Conditions
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Nelson, Ross; Hudmon, Andy; Johnson, Derrick; Ramaswamy, Swarna; Chawla, Aarti
Calcium-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII), an enzyme critical for learning and memory, inactivates and self-associates into sedimentable aggregates following ischemic insults such as stroke or traumatic brain injury; the extent of inactivation correlates increased neuronal dysfunction and death. CaMKII α and β—isoforms found primarily in neurons—are well documented in their response to ischemic stress; α aggregates and undergoes catalytic inactivation quickly while β does not. However, γ and δ—primarily found in glial cells—are not well studied under these conditions. Previous research by our lab suggests that loss of CaMKII signaling in astrocytes may contribute to reduced glutamate uptake and neurotoxic ATP release. Therefore, there is a need to elucidate the role of the astrocytic CaMKII isoforms in ischemic stress. This study aims to investigate CaMKII δ and γ’s response to artificial ischemic conditions compared to CaMKII α. Activity assay of cell lysates expressing the four different human genes of CaMKII (α, β, γ, and δ) reveal that, under artificial ischemic conditions, δ undergoes very minimal loss of activity over time while γ experiences robust inactivation. We then used light scattering to compare α, δ, and γ sedimentation in real time and found that δ had an aggregation profile similar to α yet γ’s was radically different. A follow-up time-course sedimentation assay suggests that δ becomes sedimentable and undergoes an upwards molecular weight shift akin to α over time, indicative of autophosphorylation, but that γ begins partially sedimentable before becoming completely soluble upon activation, contrary to our hypothesis. This suggests that each isoform responds differentially to activation under ischemic-like conditions and that aggregation is not necessarily correlative with inactivation. We are currently characterizing endogenous astrocytic CaMKII expression and activity to later determine if these findings persist in a cellular environment under ischemic-like conditions. Mentor: Andy Hudmon, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IU School of Medicine, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN
Person-Centered Health Records
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) King, Zachary
Current Personal Health Records (PHRs) have been in existence for more than a decade. However, to date, they have not been able to attract the attention of mainstream patients. This limited widespread adoption may possibly be due to a lack of support of the users in efficiently and effectively managing their health records. The exiting PHRs seem to be even less useful to health care providers in support of their decision-making process. Most PHRs include an emergency profile which is entered by the user and can be accessed by emergency care providers. This information is useful and in critical situation may be the only information available to health care providers. However, the PHRs also often rely on the user to enter other health-related information instead of facilitating a user-friendly automated and personalized data integration model with external data sources. User-entered data can make health records lack reliability and render the underlying application difficult to manage for layman users. Furthermore, current PHRs are organized to facilitate data acquisition rather than based on ease of access and of management by mainstream users. In this paper, we propose a new architecture for PHRs that we believe can overcome the lack of personalization and data integration in current systems thereby leading to a more user-friendly PHR model that may be able to gain active mainstream engagement. The architecture of the proposed PHR is patient-centric and socially-driven. It allows the users to customize their health records and make these records more available to health care providers for tracking, review, and editing. The proposed system will also encourage large scale community engagement and participation in health related research.
Plasticity and Axonal Sprouting of Contralateral Cortex after Unilateral Traumatic Brain Injury
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Alsaadi, Naif; Wang, Junmei; Jin, Xiaoming
Abstract According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 1.7 million Americans experience Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) annually and about 52,000 of them die. TBI results in a primary injury of brain tissue. It can also cause a secondary damage as well depending on the severity of the injury, which could lead to different types of dysfunctions such as persistent motor or cognitive deficits. We hypothesize that cortical injury from unilateral TBI will cause plasticity and axon sprouting of the contralateral cortex, which may contribute to functional compensation and recovery. Controlled cortical impact (CCI) is a methods used in our research laboratory to create TBI models in rats and mice. To test our hypothesis, one hemisphere of each mouse brain is moderately injured by the CCI technique to allow us to determine if there is significant axon sprouting in the contralateral cortex. Axon sprouting is expected to occur at certain time period after the injury. To determine the existence and the timing of axon sprouting, two sets of CCI and sham mice were used for histological analysis at two different time points after CCI. The first set contains 4 sham and 6 CCI mice and examined at 6 weeks post-injury; the second set contains 4 sham and 6 CCI mice and examined at 3 weeks post-injury. Immunostaining to growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) will be used to detect sprouting axons in the injured cortex. However, the brains are currently in process for the staining. . Further data collection and image analysis will be needed to obtain the results and findings of the research.
Product-Centric Framework for Manufacturing Industries
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Gokul, Sridutt Pawan
Today’s manufacturing uses a process-centric approach, where the product is considered as an input or output to the various processes. While this approach has been effective and in use for the past decades, it falls short when dealing with complex products featuring a higher degree of versatility. The complexity and the versatility of today’s products demand a digital framework that crosses the boundaries of the different phases of the product life cycle. Traditionally, the phases of the product life cycle, such as manufacturing, operation, maintenance and recycling have suffered from severe data flow discontinuities. These discontinuities, compounded with the increasing complexity of the products, are currently impeding the quality of service and an accelerated product enhancement. This paper proposes a new concept that involves a computing paradigm shift from a process-centric to a product-centric approach. In the proposed framework, data associated with the product flows seamlessly from one phase to the next thereby bridging the traditional data silos in the product life cycle. The innovation in this approach consists of integrating the data from one phase to the next at the product level rather than at the more general process-to-process level. This paradigm shift offers numerous advantages including a) the timely availability of product’s data to the different stakeholders b) the flow of data from upstream phases (e.g., design, manufacturing, …) to downstream phases (e.g., maintenance, recycling, …) and c) most importantly the flow of data in the reverse direction from downstream phases to upstream phases. The expected resulting benefits include facilitated end-to-end support over the product’s entire lifecycle, improved manufacturing and maintenance services, and rapid development of enhanced products.

Browse

Browsing IUPUI Research Day 2016 by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options