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IUPUI Research Day 2011
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Item THE POWER OF THE COMMUNITY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Aguilera, Israel; Flowers, NatashaThe purpose of this research project is to expand our knowledge about the connection between education and the community where the students live. The Project School in Indianapolis and the Elementary Teacher Education program established a partnership, which aims to attain valuable results for students and teachers. One of the goals for this project is to provide students enrolled in M320: Diversity and Learning the opportunity to develop a broad and constant interaction with one local school. We want students and faculty at IUPUI to have a better understanding about the community and the school where we teach and learn. As a result of this research project, faculty and the Project School staff should enhance their comprehension of student diversity, teachers’ efficiency, and student achievement. Part of the plan is to interview members of the community who live close to the Project School. The answers obtained from these semistructured interviews will show the type of relationship that exists between the school and community centers, relatives, and businesses. After initial interviews, student interns will also conduct a community assessment. Through this research project, students will be knowledgeable on education issues, such as culture, equality, and family, but they will also learn from what students do outside of class. This project is in its early stages, but we hope to conduct interviews before the fall semester and integrate preliminary data within the Teacher Education curriculum.Item PONDWATER, BIOFILMS, AND CYSTIC FIBROSIS: INTRODUCING CUTTING EDGE RESEARCH INTO THE HIGH SCHOOL CLASSROOM(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Redelman, Carly V.; Hawkins, Misty A. W.; Anderson, Gregory G.; Marrs, Kathleen A.Item Breast Cancer Detection via Microwave Imaging(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Reid, Joshua R.N.; Ghane, Parvin; Shrestha, Sudhir; Agarwal, Mangilal; Varahramyan, KodyBreast cancer is one of the major common diseases among women and takes about 40,000 lives every year. Early detection of breast cancer greatly increases the chance of survival. The norm for today’s detection of breast cancer consists of mammograms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonic examination. Unfortunately, the process is a fraction of completeness despite its feeling of discomfort, high cost, and exposure to ionizing radiation which poses cumulative side effects respectively. The present research investigates the efficiency and implementation of microwave imaging to be used in the detection of breast cancer. Microwave imaging (MWI) is a process that illuminates the breast with microwave signals, and receives and analyses scattered signals for breast cancer detection and imaging. The electromagnetic waves that are scattered within the breast provide information that are transmitted and received via microstrip patch antennas, providing an image of detected lesions. In the presented poster, design of a patch antenna and simulation results are presented. In the event of designing, the overall goal was to obtain a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2 at 2.4 GHz signal frequency. To receive the intended results, the dimensions and design of the microstrip patch were important factors given the substrate parameters. Currently, the project is in the prototyping stage for the validation of simulation results and further optimization and development of the antenna for microwave breast cancer detection and imaging applications.Item Indiana CTSI Community Health Engagement Programs (CHEP)(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Reid, TishaOur poster will describe the Indiana CTSI Community Health Engagement Program (CHEP) and our services we offer to researchers. It also explains the benefit in working with the community in research.Item EFFECT OF NICOTINE ON METABOLISM OF STARVED AND UNSTARVED STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) RODENBECK, JESSICA; GREGORY, RICHARD L.Streptococcus mutans is the major etiological agent of dental caries. Nicotine is the addictive ingredient present in most tobacco products that has been shown to have an effect on the growth and metabolism of oral bacteria, specifically S. mutans. This same bacterium has been recently linked to heart disease. Smokers regularly introduce this chemical into their system which causes an increased growth and metabolic rate of the bacteria, thus increasing their chances for dental caries. This research worked to further qualify the increase of metabolic rates by subjecting the bacteria to nicotine in a starved environment, on the basis that humans do not constantly have nutrients available to oral bacteria. Metabolic rates of an established biofilm of S. mutans were measured through an XTT and menadione assay with a spectrophotometer. The unstarved bacteria were grown in a full concentration of TSBS while the starved were grown in a 1:10 dilution of TSBS with sterile saline in various nicotine concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0, 64.0, and 128.0 mg/ml). As the concentration of nicotine increase, the metabolic rates of S. mutans also increased. The high concentrations in which the bacteria were no longer metabolically active are very high and a normal smoker would not be able to reach these concentrations. However, as more nicotine is present in smokers these more metabolically active bacteria would be more likely to cause caries.Item IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE APPLICATIONS IN THE LIVE PERFORMANCE OF TELEMATIC ART(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Rogge, Ben; Commons, Kara; Hartgrove, Nicholas; Riha, Brendon; Deal, ScottToday's art music scene has changed quite a bit over the past 5 years, from organizing pieces solely in a computer, to performing one piece with players in 3 or more places around the world. Our imaginations can truly run rampant in what we have the capabilities to produce. IUPUI's music technology department is on the cutting edge of converging the musical and technological mediums we have available to us. This year, we have had the opportunity to work with people from all around the USA and Canada. We have collaborated with the "IUPUI Telematic Collective", "Bridging Imaginary Boundaries" at NYU, The University of Calgary, The University of Colorado, as well as IUB, and Milwaukee. It has been our job to use software like "Conference XP" (Open Source Live Audio Video Streaming), "Jacktrip" (High Fidelity Audio Streaming), and Skype (High Speed, Low Quality Video and Audio Streaming) to bring musicians, artists, dancers, and designers together to collaborate on highly evolved artistic telematic art.Item Exercise during growth provides lifelong benefit to bone structure and strength: a case study(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Mantila Roosa, Sara M.; Warden, Stuart J.Exercise induces greatest gains in bone health during skeletal development, yet reduced bone strength is predominantly an age-related phenomenon. This dichotomy has raised the question of whether exercise-induced changes in bone health when young persist into late adulthood where they may have benefits on bone health and fracture risk. Previous work has suggested exercise-induced gains in bone mass are lost with aging; however, 1) exercise during growth predominantly influences bone structure rather than mass to increase bone strength and 2) mechanisms exist for the long-term maintenance of exercise effects on bone structure. The aim of the current case was to explore whether exercise-induced gains in bone structure and strength accrued when young persist lifelong. The subject was a 94-year-old former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played competitively for 20 years before ceasing play in 1955. Throwing athletes are a unique model to investigate the skeletal effects of exercise as: 1) the unilateral upper extremity loading associated with throwing enables the contralateral side to serve as an internal control site and 2) throwing athletes have large dominant-to-nondominant (D-to-ND) differences in midshaft humeral bone properties. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography slices of the subject’s dominant and nondominant humerii were taken at 50% humeral length, and D-to-ND percent differences in bone properties calculated and compared to those observed previously in non-throwing controls. Exercise when young had no lasting effects on D-to-ND difference in cortical bone mass or area; however, Dto-ND difference in total area was nearly 3-times that observed in controls. The maintenance of exercise effects on total area resulted from persistence of benefits on periosteal perimeter, with the loss of cortical bone mass and area benefits being due to greater endosteal expansion (perimeter). As a result of the maintenance of exercise-induced benefits on bone structure, D-to-ND difference in ability to resist torsional forces (polar moment of inertia) was nearly double that observed due to habitual loading associated with arm dominance in controls. The maintenance of exercise-induced benefits on bone structure in the current case, despite exercise ceasing 56 years ago, supports the hypothesis that exercise when young can have lasting benefits on bone strength independent of maintenance of bone mass effects. This question is being further explored in a cohort of 100 former MLB players and 100 matched controls.Item Synchronous neural oscillations in Parkinson’s disease: Variability and its potential network mechanisms(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Rubchinsky, L.L.; Park, C.; Worth, R.M.Recent studies indicate that patterns of oscillatory synchronous activity in Basal Ganglia (BG) may be relevant to BG physiology and disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oscillations in BG, in particular, in relation to motor control, are observed in different species, different conditions and different dopaminergic states (e.g., PD vs. normal). The rich membrane properties of BG neurons easily support oscillatory behavior. Correlations of oscillatory activity between different BG locations depend on the brain state and are dynamically organized. A general feature of BG oscillations is strong power and correlations of the β-band activity when no movement is performed and replacement of β with γ-band activity during movement. Dopamine-depleted state, such as PD, is marked by increase of oscillatory and synchronous activity, in particular in the β-band. This study explores the dynamical nature of these oscillations on short time-scales.Item SOCIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF GROWING SUN VERUS SHADE COFFEE IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Sacks, Jessica L.; Brothers, TimShade and sun coffee growing have different sociological and ecological costs and benefits. Within the Dominican Republic, both types of coffee are grown, providing an opportunity to compare and contrast how farmers determine which type of coffee to grow. Of the available methods for growing coffee, the literature indicates that shade coffee creates an environment that promotes greater biodiversity, protects the coffee plants from predators such as the coffee berry borer, and provides an “excellent peasant cash crop” (Philpott et al. 2008; Ambrecht and Gallego 2007; Brothers, Wilson, and Dwyer 2008). This study uses a qualitative method to explore how farmers in the Dominican Republic determine whether to grow sun or shade coffee and the environmental and sociological implications of those decisions. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight Dominican farmers and nongovernmental professionals. Questions regarding which type of coffee was grown, growing methods, and what factors influenced coffee growing methods were included. Results indicated that the type of coffee grown was influenced primarily by the type of seeds available, while growing methods depended on the scale of the farm and perceived market value of sun versus shade coffee. Small scale farmers emphasized that growing organic coffee using shade methods was better for the environment and provided them greater economic opportunities. These results indicate that the global organic niche market provides an opportunity for small scale Dominican farmers to be competitive; however, many small scale farmers find it challenging to afford organic certification.Item Ultraviolet B radiation mediated generation of Platelet-activating factor agonists augments melanoma tumor growth(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Sahu, R.P.; DaSilva, S.C.; Konger, R.L.; Touloukian, C.S.; Travers, J.B.Platelet-activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-glycerophosphocholine; PAF) is a potent lipid mediator with diverse activities. Our previous studies have demonstrated that oxidized glycerophosphocholines (OxGPCs) that act as agonists for the Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) mediate ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) induced systemic immunosuppression in a process involving IL-10. However, the exact role of UVB-mediated systemic immunosuppression in pathophysiological processes remains unclear. The current studies sought to define whether UVB-induced systemic immunosuppression could modulate experimental murine melanoma tumor growth. Using a murine UVB model of systemic immunosuppression, we demonstrate that UVB exposure to a remote site from skin implanted with subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma results in enhanced tumor growth in C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice but not in PAF-R-deficient mice. We further show that intraperitoneal injection of the PAF agonist carbamoylPAF (CPAF) mimicked the UVB effect. Interestingly, neutralizing antibody against IL-10 blocked both CPAF- and UVB-mediated augmentation of B16F10 tumor growth. The next studies were designed to define whether the PAF-R effect was due to direct effects on B16F10 cells. Of note, B16F10 cells lack functional PAF-R expression. To address this question, we first generated PAF-R expressing B16F10 (B16-PAFR) and its vector control B16-MSCV cells by retroviral transduction and confirmed the presence of PAF-R in B16-PAF-R cells by intracellular Ca2+ flux in response to CPAF and qRT-PCR. Transplantation of B16-PAFR cells into mice did not result in an increased rate of tumor growth over control B16-MSCV cells either alone, or in response to UVB or CPAF. These studies provide a novel unreported effect of UVB-mediated PAF agonists, namely, that they can augment melanoma tumor growth via IL-10.