Empathy and ethical becoming in biomedical engineering education: A mixed methods study of an animal tissue harvesting laboratory

Abstract

Biomedical engineering presents a unique context for ethics education due to the human-centric nature of biomedical engineering coupled with the pervasiveness of animal-based practices. This study summarises the design of a pedagogical practice intended to enhance students’ abilities to recognise ethical issues in biomedical engineering practice and inquire into normative aspects of the discipline. The context of the study is an introductory biomechanics course wherein students harvested animal tissue, critically reflected on this experience, and discussed the experience in class. We brought two theoretical frameworks to this investigation pertaining to empathy and ethical becoming. We employed a four-phase mixed methods research design that included quantitative comparisons of changes in empathy and related phenomena, thematic analysis of written reflections, an observation and focus group, and triangulation of these results. Quantitative data remained stable before and after the course. Thematic analysis of reflections revealed five themes: research design, treatment of animals, beneficence, worth of life, and emotional engagement. The observational and focus group results emphasise affective considerations of engineering practice. This study provides a guide for future biomedical engineering education efforts that deal with ethically sensitive, emotionally powerful, and visceral experiences, as well as for research pertaining to empathy and ethical becoming.