Effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm in vitro

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to test the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) crème, or MI Paste™ (MIP), on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The experiment utilized S. mutans biofilm assays with varying concentrations of nicotine and MIP aqueous concentrate levels. First hand exposure to nicotine has been demonstrated to significantly increase S. mutans biofilm formation, while the active component, CPP-ACP, in MIP has been shown to reduce S. mutans biofilm formation. Materials and methods A 24-h culture of S. mutans UA159 in microtiter plates were treated with varying nicotine concentrations (0–32 mg/ml) in Tryptic Soy Broth supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS) with or without MIP aqueous concentrate. A spectrophotometer was used to determine total growth absorbance and planktonic growth. The microtiter plate wells were washed, fixed, and stained with crystal violet dye and the absorbance measured to determine biofilm formation. Results The presence of MIP aqueous concentrate inhibits nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation at different concentrations of nicotine (0–32 mg/ml). Conclusion The results demonstrated nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation is decreased in the presence of MIP. This provides further evidence about the cariostatic properties of CPP-ACP, the active soluble ingredient in the MIP, and reconfirms the harmful effects of nicotine. Clinical significance Smokers may gain dual benefits from the use of MIP, as a remineralization agent and as a cariostatic agent, by inhibiting nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation.