Antibacterial Activities of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Salvadora persica against Streptococcus mutans Biofilms: An In Vitro Study
dc.contributor.author | Balhaddad, Abdulrahman A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Mokeem, Lamia | |
dc.contributor.author | Melo, Mary Anne S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Gregory, Richard L. | |
dc.contributor.department | Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-04-13T12:46:37Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-04-13T12:46:37Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-12-01 | |
dc.description.abstract | The use of herbal products in oral hygiene care has a long history, and their use is popular today. A tree stick, named Salvadora persica (S. persica), is commonly used to remove dental plaque and clean teeth in many countries. In addition, extracts of S. persica can be used as a mouthwash, as they demonstrate antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of S. persica methanol and aqueous extracts against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm. A S. mutans biofilm formation assay was conducted using different concentrations of S. persica methanol or water extracts in tryptic soy broth (TSB) supplemented with 1% sucrose. The biofilm was stained with crystal violet dye, and the absorbance was assessed to examine biofilm formation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used to analyze the results. The S. persica methanol extract displayed a significant inhibition (p ≤ 0.001) against the S. mutans biofilm. The 10 mg/mL concentration of the S. persica methanol extract was determined as the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). The used methanol concentration, mixed with TSB supplemented with 1% sucrose and without the S. persica extract, did not inhibit the S. mutans biofilm. The S. persica aqueous extract did not demonstrate any biofilm inhibition at any concentration (p ≥ 0.05). The findings of this study suggest the potential of using S. persica methanol extract as a mouthwash or adjunctive to oral hygiene tools. | en_US |
dc.eprint.version | Final published version | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Balhaddad AA, Mokeem L, Melo MAS, Gregory RL. Antibacterial Activities of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Salvadora persica against Streptococcus mutans Biofilms: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel). 2021;9(12):143. Published 2021 Dec 1. doi:10.3390/dj9120143 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1805/32382 | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
dc.publisher | MDPI | en_US |
dc.relation.isversionof | 10.3390/dj9120143 | en_US |
dc.relation.journal | Dentistry Journal | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 International | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | * |
dc.source | PMC | en_US |
dc.subject | Dental caries | en_US |
dc.subject | Oral biofilm | en_US |
dc.subject | Salvadora persica | en_US |
dc.subject | Streptococcus mutans | en_US |
dc.title | Antibacterial Activities of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Salvadora persica against Streptococcus mutans Biofilms: An In Vitro Study | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |