The Effects of Age on the Human Tear Film Assessed with a Novel Imaging Device

Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to analyze the effects of age on human tear film (TF) using a novel nanometer resolution TF imaging device (Tear Film Imager, TFI, AdOM, Israel). Methods: 44 healthy adult subjects (≥18 years of age) without ocular or systemic diseases or prior eye treatments with ages spanning seven decades were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire (OSDI). All study participants underwent TF imaging using the TFI, including assessment of muco-aqueous layer thickness (MALT), lipid-layer thickness (LLT), inter-blink interval, and lipid map uniformity. Associations between TFI parameters and age were tested using linear regression (accounting for multiple eyes). Results: A total of 80 eyes (44 subjects) were imaged: 19 eyes from 10 subjects in the 3rd decade of life (aged 20-29); 10 eyes from 5 subjects in the 4th decade of life (aged 30-39); 5 eyes from 3 subjects in the 5th decade of life (40-49); 12 eyes from 7 subjects in the 6th decade of life (50-59), 19 eyes from 11 subjects in the 7th decade of life (60-69); 11 eyes from 6 subjects in the 8th decade of life (70-79); and 4 eyes from 2 subjects in the 9th decade of life (80-89). With increasing age, MALT significantly decreased (p = 0.024), and LLT significantly increased (p = 0.001). No statistically significant linear age effects were found for the other TFI parameters (p > 0.05) or the OSDI scores of study participants of different ages (p = 0.786). Conclusions: Quantitative TF biomarkers varied significantly with advancing age in healthy individuals, highlighting the importance of accounting for age in TF assessments.