The N2N3 domains of ClfA, FnbpA and FnbpB in Staphylococcus aureus bind to human complement factor H, and their antibodies enhance the bactericidal capability of human blood

Abstract

In the complement system, the opsonin C3b binds to the bacterial cell surface and mediates the opsonophagocytosis. However, the cell-wall protein SdrE of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits the C3b activity by recruiting the complement regulatory protein factor H (fH). SdrE binds to fH via its N-terminal N2N3 domain, which are also found in six other staphylococcal cell-wall proteins. In this study, we report that not only the N2N3 domain of SdrE but also those of ClfA, FnbpA and FnbpB can bind to fH. When immobilized on a microplate, the N2N3 domains recruited fH and enhanced the factor I (fI)-mediated cleavage of C3b. When mixed with fH and S. aureus cells, the N2N3 domains inhibited the fH binding to S. aureus cells and reduced the fI-mediated C3b cleavage on the bacterial cell surface. The F(ab)'2 fragments of the rabbit N2N3 antibodies also inhibited the fH binding to the S. aureus cell surface. When added to human blood, the N2N3 antibodies or the N2N3 domain proteins significantly increased the bactericidal activity. Based on these results, we conclude that, in S. aureus, not only SdrE but also ClfA, FnbpA and FnbpB can contribute to the inhibition of C3b-mediated opsonophagocytosis.