High-temperature stability and phase transformations of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene

dc.contributor.authorWyatt, Brian C.
dc.contributor.authorNemani, Srinivasa Kartik
dc.contributor.authorDesai, Krishay
dc.contributor.authorKaur, Harpreet
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Bowen
dc.contributor.authorAnasori, Babak
dc.contributor.departmentMechanical and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Technologyen_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-03T18:01:51Z
dc.date.available2023-03-03T18:01:51Z
dc.date.issued2021-06
dc.description.abstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, known as MXenes, are under increasing pressure to meet technological demands in high-temperature applications, as MXenes can be considered to be one of the few ultra-high temperature 2D materials. Although there are studies on the stability of their surface functionalities, there is currently a gap in the fundamental understanding of their phase stability and transformation of MXenes' metal carbide core at high temperatures (>700 °C) in an inert environment. In this study, we conduct systematic annealing of Ti3C2TxMXene films in which we present the 2D MXene flake phase transformation to ordered vacancy superstructure of a bulk three-dimensional (3D) Ti2C and TiCycrystals at 700 °C ⩽T⩽ 1000 °C with subsequent transformation to disordered carbon vacancy cubic TiCyat higher temperatures (T> 1000 °C). We annealed Ti3C2TxMXene films made from the delaminated MXene single-flakes as well as the multi-layer MXene clay in a controlled environment through the use ofin situhot stage x-ray diffraction (XRD) paired with a 2D detector (XRD2) up to 1000 °C andex situannealing in a tube furnace and spark plasma sintering up to 1500 °C. Our XRD2analysis paired with cross-sectional scanning electron microscope imaging indicated the resulting nano-sized lamellar and micron-sized cubic grain morphology of the 3D crystals depend on the starting Ti3C2Txform. While annealing the multi-layer clay Ti3C2TxMXene creates TiCygrains with cubic and irregular morphology, the grains of 3D Ti2C and TiCyformed by annealing Ti3C2TxMXene single-flake films keep MXenes' lamellar morphology. The ultrathin lamellar nature of the 3D grains formed at temperatures >1000 °C can pave way for applications of MXenes as a stable carbide material 2D additive for high-temperature applications.en_US
dc.eprint.versionAuthor's manuscripten_US
dc.identifier.citationWyatt, B. C., Nemani, S. K., Desai, K., Kaur, H., Zhang, B., & Anasori, B. (2021). High-temperature stability and phase transformations of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene. Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter: An Institute of Physics Journal, 33(22), 224002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/abe793en_US
dc.identifier.issn10.1088/1361-648X/abe793en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1805/31601
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherIOPen_US
dc.relation.isversionof10.1088/1361-648X/abe793en_US
dc.relation.journalJournal of Physics. Condensed Matter: An Institute of Physics Journalen_US
dc.rightsPublisher Policyen_US
dc.sourceAuthoren_US
dc.subject2D materialsen_US
dc.subjecthigh-temperature materialsen_US
dc.subjectphase transformationen_US
dc.subjectMXenesen_US
dc.titleHigh-temperature stability and phase transformations of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXeneen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Wyatt2021High-AAM.pdf
Size:
2.63 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Article
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.99 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description: