High-temperature stability and phase transformations of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene
dc.contributor.author | Wyatt, Brian C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Nemani, Srinivasa Kartik | |
dc.contributor.author | Desai, Krishay | |
dc.contributor.author | Kaur, Harpreet | |
dc.contributor.author | Zhang, Bowen | |
dc.contributor.author | Anasori, Babak | |
dc.contributor.department | Mechanical and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-03-03T18:01:51Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-03-03T18:01:51Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-06 | |
dc.description.abstract | Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, known as MXenes, are under increasing pressure to meet technological demands in high-temperature applications, as MXenes can be considered to be one of the few ultra-high temperature 2D materials. Although there are studies on the stability of their surface functionalities, there is currently a gap in the fundamental understanding of their phase stability and transformation of MXenes' metal carbide core at high temperatures (>700 °C) in an inert environment. In this study, we conduct systematic annealing of Ti3C2TxMXene films in which we present the 2D MXene flake phase transformation to ordered vacancy superstructure of a bulk three-dimensional (3D) Ti2C and TiCycrystals at 700 °C ⩽T⩽ 1000 °C with subsequent transformation to disordered carbon vacancy cubic TiCyat higher temperatures (T> 1000 °C). We annealed Ti3C2TxMXene films made from the delaminated MXene single-flakes as well as the multi-layer MXene clay in a controlled environment through the use ofin situhot stage x-ray diffraction (XRD) paired with a 2D detector (XRD2) up to 1000 °C andex situannealing in a tube furnace and spark plasma sintering up to 1500 °C. Our XRD2analysis paired with cross-sectional scanning electron microscope imaging indicated the resulting nano-sized lamellar and micron-sized cubic grain morphology of the 3D crystals depend on the starting Ti3C2Txform. While annealing the multi-layer clay Ti3C2TxMXene creates TiCygrains with cubic and irregular morphology, the grains of 3D Ti2C and TiCyformed by annealing Ti3C2TxMXene single-flake films keep MXenes' lamellar morphology. The ultrathin lamellar nature of the 3D grains formed at temperatures >1000 °C can pave way for applications of MXenes as a stable carbide material 2D additive for high-temperature applications. | en_US |
dc.eprint.version | Author's manuscript | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Wyatt, B. C., Nemani, S. K., Desai, K., Kaur, H., Zhang, B., & Anasori, B. (2021). High-temperature stability and phase transformations of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene. Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter: An Institute of Physics Journal, 33(22), 224002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/abe793 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 10.1088/1361-648X/abe793 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1805/31601 | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
dc.publisher | IOP | en_US |
dc.relation.isversionof | 10.1088/1361-648X/abe793 | en_US |
dc.relation.journal | Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter: An Institute of Physics Journal | en_US |
dc.rights | Publisher Policy | en_US |
dc.source | Author | en_US |
dc.subject | 2D materials | en_US |
dc.subject | high-temperature materials | en_US |
dc.subject | phase transformation | en_US |
dc.subject | MXenes | en_US |
dc.title | High-temperature stability and phase transformations of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |