Variation in COVID-19 Diagnosis by Zip Code and Race and Ethnicity in Indiana

dc.contributor.authorHanson, Amy E.
dc.contributor.authorHains, David S.
dc.contributor.authorSchwaderer, Andrew L.
dc.contributor.authorStarr, Michelle C.
dc.contributor.departmentPediatrics, School of Medicineen_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-24T19:58:37Z
dc.date.available2022-02-24T19:58:37Z
dc.date.issued2020-12
dc.description.abstractObjectives: To describe variations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis by zip code race and ethnicity in Indiana. Methods: Cross-sectional evaluation of subjects with SARS-CoV-2 at Indiana University Health. We performed two separate analyses, first evaluating likelihood of COVID-19 diagnosis by race (Caucasian, African American, Asian, or other) and ethnicity (Hispanic versus non-Hispanic) in the cohort encompassing the entire state of Indiana. Subsequently, patient data was geolocated with zip codes in Marion County and the immediate surrounding counties, and descriptive statistical analyses were used to calculate the number of COVID-19 cases per 10,000 persons for each of these zip codes. Results: Indiana had a total of 3,892 positive COVID-19 cases from January 1 to April 30, 2020. The odds of testing positive for COVID-19 were four-fold higher in African Americans than non-African Americans (OR 4.58, 95% CI 4.25 – 4.94, P<0.0001). Increased COVID-19 cases per 10,000 persons were seen in zip codes with higher percentage of African American (median infection rate of 17.4 per 10,000 population in zip codes above median % African American, P<0.0001) or Hispanic residents (median infection rate of 15.9 per 10,000 population in zip codes above median % Hispanic, P<0.0001). Conclusions: Individuals from zip codes with higher percentages of African American, Hispanic, foreign-born, and/or residents living in poverty are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Urgent work is needed to understand and address the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 in minority communities and when economic disparities are present.en_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.identifier.citationHanson, A. E., Hains, D. S., Schwaderer, A. L., & Starr, M. C. (2020). Variation in COVID-19 Diagnosis by Zip Code and Race and Ethnicity in Indiana. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.593861en_US
dc.identifier.issn2296-2565en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1805/27950
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherFrontiersen_US
dc.relation.isversionof10.3389/fpubh.2020.593861en_US
dc.relation.journalFrontiers in Public Healthen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
dc.sourcePublisheren_US
dc.subjectCOVID-19en_US
dc.subjectDisparitiesen_US
dc.subjectSocial determinansts of healthen_US
dc.titleVariation in COVID-19 Diagnosis by Zip Code and Race and Ethnicity in Indianaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Hanson2020Variation-CCBY.pdf
Size:
1.5 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Article
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.99 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description: