Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Mild to Moderate Alcoholic Hepatitis

Abstract

Introduction & Aim Much is known about alcoholic hepatitis (AH) that is severe enough to require hospitalisation. The characteristics of individuals with alcoholic hepatitis presenting with mild to moderate severity are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the risk factors, characteristics and outcomes of mild to moderate AH (M‐AH).

Methods A total of 255 individuals with AH enrolled into a multicenter, prospective, observational study between 12/2014 and 4/2018 was included. Participants were seen at enrollment, 6 and 12 months. M‐AH was defined as MELD ≤20 at presentation, whereas severe AH as MELD ≥21.

Results In total, 100 individuals had M‐AH, whereas 155 had severe AH. Individuals with M‐AH were older (49 vs 44 years, P = 0.01), had lower BMI (27 vs 31 kg/m2, P = 0.0007) and more likely to be male (68% vs 55%, P = 0.046) compared to the severe AH group. A higher proportion in the M‐AH group consumed coffee in the last 5 years compared to the severe AH group (29% vs 18%, P = 0.03), and fewer had PNPLA3 risk allele G (P = 0.019) compared to the severe AH group. Average drinks per drinking day (12.9 vs 10.7, P = 0.13) and total number of drinks in last 30‐day period (331 vs 280, P = 0.14) were not different between two groups. Compared to severe AH, patients with M‐AH had significantly lower mortality at 30 days (2% vs 13.6%), 90 days (3% vs 22.6%) and 12 months (10.4% vs 31.4%) (P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions Individuals with M‐AH were older, less obese, drank coffee more often and carried more favourable PNPLA3 genotype compared to severe AH, despite similar alcohol consumption. M‐AH had substantial mortality with one in ten dying by 12 months.