Constructing the cure: engineering the next wave of antibody and cellular immune therapies

Abstract

Immuno-oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment by mobilizing the immune system to eliminate tumors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors and T cell therapies have mediated durable responses in hematologic malignancies and select solid tumors, most patients still relapse or fail to respond. To overcome these limitations, novel, next-generation immune constructs, including bispecific-cell therapy combinations, armored cells, tethered cytokines, immune-stimulatory antibody conjugates, and in vivo gene editing, are being developed to enhance specificity, persistence, and immune activation. This Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer roadmap highlights emerging technologies that integrate, redirect, or potentiate immune response. We examine advances in construct design, strategies for clinical translation, and opportunities for combinatorial approaches. By addressing translational barriers and real-world challenges, we outline how innovative engineering can unlock a new era of safe, durable, and accessible immunotherapies. Realizing this potential will require coordinated efforts from researchers, clinicians, industry leaders, and policymakers to deliver curative outcomes to patients worldwide.