Demographics and trends of cleft lip and palate patients born in Tennessee from 2000 to 2017

Abstract

Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial clefts (OFCs) in Tennessee over the span of 2000–2017, and evaluate the effects of race/ethnicity, sex, maternal/paternal age and socioeconomic status on the prevalence.

Methods Records of all live births and demographics of newborns in Tennessee from 2000 to 2017 were requested from the Tennessee Department of Health to calculate the prevalence of OFCs. Data from United States Census was also obtained. Data provided were deidentified.

Results Tennessee showed a significant decrease in prevalence rates of cleft lip, with and without cleft palate (CL ± P), when comparing the time periods of 2000–2007 to 2008–2017. A significant positive correlation was found with CL ± P prevalence rates in regions with higher Caucasian populations and a negative correlation in regions with higher African American populations. The CP prevalence rates showed a negative correlation with increased median household income.

Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to show a significant negative correlation with median household income and CP prevalence rates. Our study showing an increase in prevalence rates of OFCs with decreased socioeconomic status indicates that the areas of Tennessee with the lowest median household income averages would likely benefit from understanding other possible modifiable factors that are driving this correlation.