Estimated 2023-2024 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Adults
dc.contributor.author | Link-Gelles, Ruth | |
dc.contributor.author | Rowley, Elizabeth A. K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Irving, Stephanie A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Klein, Nicola P. | |
dc.contributor.author | Grannis, Shaun J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ong, Toan C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ball, Sarah W. | |
dc.contributor.author | DeSilva, Malini B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Dascomb, Kristin | |
dc.contributor.author | Naleway, Allison L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Koppolu, Padma | |
dc.contributor.author | Zerbo, Ousseny | |
dc.contributor.author | Fireman, Bruce | |
dc.contributor.author | Hansen, John | |
dc.contributor.author | Timbol, Julius | |
dc.contributor.author | Block, Lawrence | |
dc.contributor.author | Dixon, Brian E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Duszynski, Thomas J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Allen, Katie S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Mayer, David | |
dc.contributor.author | Chavez, Catia | |
dc.contributor.author | Barron, Michelle | |
dc.contributor.author | Reese, Sarah E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Chickery, Sean | |
dc.contributor.author | Davis, Jonathan M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Avrich Ciesla, Allison | |
dc.contributor.author | Mak, Josephine | |
dc.contributor.author | Najdowski, Morgan | |
dc.contributor.author | Akinsete, Omobosola O. | |
dc.contributor.author | McEvoy, Charlene E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Essien, Inih J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Sheffield, Tamara | |
dc.contributor.author | Bride, Daniel | |
dc.contributor.author | Arndorfer, Julie | |
dc.contributor.author | Van Otterloo, Joshua | |
dc.contributor.author | Natarajan, Karthik | |
dc.contributor.author | Tenforde, Mark W. | |
dc.contributor.author | DeCuir, Jennifer | |
dc.contributor.author | Payne, Amanda B. | |
dc.contributor.department | Medicine, School of Medicine | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-07-17T09:58:40Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-07-17T09:58:40Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025-06-02 | |
dc.description.abstract | Importance: SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, population immunity changes, and COVID-19 vaccine formulas have been updated, necessitating ongoing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) monitoring. Objectives: To evaluate the VE of 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) encounters, hospitalizations, and critical illness, including during XBB- and JN.1-predominant periods. Design, setting, and participants: This test-negative design VE case-control study was conducted using data from September 21, 2023, to August 22, 2024, from EDs, UC centers, and hospitals in 6 US health care systems. Eligible adults 18 years or older with COVID-19-like illness and molecular or antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 were studied. Case patients were those with a positive molecular or antigen test result; control patients were those with a negative molecular test result. Exposure: Receipt of 2023-2024 (monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 vaccination with products approved or authorized for use in the US. Main outcomes and measures: Main outcomes were COVID-19-associated ED and UC encounters, hospitalizations, and critical illness (admission to the intensive care unit or in-hospital death). VE was estimated comparing the odds of receipt of the 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine with no receipt among case and control patients. Results: Among 345 639 eligible ED and UC encounters in immunocompetent adults 18 years or older with COVID-19-like illness and available test results (median [IQR] age, 53 [34-71] years; 209 087 [60%] female), 37 096 (11%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. VE against COVID-19-associated ED and UC encounters was 24% (95% CI, 21%-26%) during 7 to 299 days after vaccination. Among 111 931 eligible hospitalizations in immunocompetent adults 18 years or older with COVID-19-like illness and available test results (median [IQR] age, 71 [58-81] years), 10 380 (9%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. During 7 to 299 days after vaccination, VE was 29% (95% CI, 25%-33%) against COVID-19-associated hospitalization and 48% (95% CI, 40%-55%) against COVID-19-associated critical illness. VE was highest 7 to 59 days after vaccination (VE against ED and UC encounters 49%; 95% CI, 46%-52%; hospitalization, 51%; 95% CI, 46%-56%; critical illness, 68%; 95% CI, 56%-76%) and then waned (VE 180-299 days after vaccination against ED and UC encounters, -7% [95% CI, -13% to -2%]; hospitalization, -4% [95% CI, -14% to 5%]; and critical illness, 16% [95% CI, -6 to 34%]). Conclusions and relevance: In this case-control study of VE, 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines were estimated to provide additional effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19, with the highest and most sustained estimates against critical illness. These results highlight the importance of receiving recommended COVID-19 vaccination for adults 18 years or older. | |
dc.eprint.version | Final published version | |
dc.identifier.citation | Link-Gelles R, Rowley EAK, Irving SA, et al. Estimated 2023-2024 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(6):e2517402. Published 2025 Jun 2. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.17402 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1805/49538 | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | |
dc.publisher | American Medical Association | |
dc.relation.isversionof | 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.17402 | |
dc.relation.journal | JAMA Network Open | |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 International | en |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.source | PMC | |
dc.subject | COVID-19 vaccines | |
dc.subject | Hospital emergency service | |
dc.subject | Hospitalization | |
dc.subject | SARS-CoV-2 | |
dc.subject | Vaccine efficacy | |
dc.title | Estimated 2023-2024 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Adults | |
dc.type | Article |