Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology

Abstract

The large and rapidly growing family of two-dimensional early transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) raises significant interest in the materials science and chemistry of materials communities. Discovered a little more than a decade ago, MXenes have already demonstrated outstanding potential in various applications ranging from energy storage to biology and medicine. The past two years have witnessed increased experimental and theoretical efforts toward studying MXenes’ mechanical and tribological properties when used as lubricant additives, reinforcement phases in composites, or solid lubricant coatings. Although research on the understanding of the friction and wear performance of MXenes under dry and lubricated conditions is still in its early stages, it has experienced rapid growth due to the excellent mechanical properties and chemical reactivities offered by MXenes that make them adaptable to being combined with other materials, thus boosting their tribological performance. In this perspective, we summarize the most promising results in the area of MXene tribology, outline future important problems to be pursued further, and provide methodological recommendations that we believe could be useful for experts, as well as newcomers to MXenes research, in particular, to the emerging area of MXene tribology.