Conditional Loss of Nmp4 in Mesenchymal Stem Progenitor Cells Enhances PTH-Induced Bone Formation

Abstract

Activation of bone anabolic pathways is a fruitful approach for treating severe osteoporosis. Yet, FDA-approved osteoanabolics, e.g., parathyroid hormone (PTH), have limited efficacy. Improving their potency is a promising strategy for maximizing bone anabolic output. Nmp4 (Nuclear Matrix Protein 4) global knockout mice, exhibit enhanced PTH-induced increases in trabecular bone but display no overt baseline skeletal phenotype. Nmp4 is expressed in all tissues; therefore, to determine which cell type is responsible for driving the beneficial effects of Nmp4 inhibition, we conditionally removed this gene from cells at distinct stages of osteogenic differentiation. Nmp4-floxed (Nmp4fl/fl) mice were crossed with mice bearing one of three Cre drivers including (i) Prx1Cre+ to remove Nmp4 from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) in long bones; (ii) BglapCre+ targeting mature osteoblasts and (iii) Dmp1Cre+ to disable Nmp4 in osteocytes. Virgin female Cre+ and Cre− mice (10wks of age) were sorted into cohorts by weight and genotype. Mice were administered daily injections of either human PTH 1–34 at 30μg/kg, or vehicle for 4wks or 7wks. Skeletal response was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, bone histomorphometry and serum analysis for remodeling markers. Nmp4fl/fl;Prx1Cre+ mice virtually phenocopied the global Nmp4−/− skeleton in the femur, i.e., a mild baseline phenotype but significantly enhanced PTH-induced increase in femur trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) compared to their Nmp4fl/fl;Prx1Cre− controls. This was not observed in the spine, where Prrx1 is not expressed. Heightened response to PTH was coincident with enhanced bone formation. Conditional loss of Nmp4 from the mature osteoblasts (Nmp4fl/fl;BglapCre+) failed to increase BV/TV or enhance PTH response. However, conditional disabling of Nmp4 in osteocytes (Nmp4fl/fl;Dmp1Cre+) increased BV/TV without boosting response to hormone under our experimental regimen. We conclude that Nmp4−/− Prx1-expressing MSPCs drive the improved response to PTH therapy, and that this gene has stage-specific effects on osteoanabolism.