Effect of age, BMI, and gender on urinary risk factors in pediatric idiopathic stone formers

dc.contributor.authorFang, Andrew M.
dc.contributor.authorGibson, Elena
dc.contributor.authorOster, Robert A.
dc.contributor.authorDangle, Pankaj P.
dc.contributor.departmentUrology, School of Medicine
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-03T10:40:40Z
dc.date.available2025-02-03T10:40:40Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: The incidence of pediatric urolithiasis has been increasing over the years; however, the etiology of this increase is not well understood. Age, body mass index, and gender have been examined as possible risk factors for stone disease, but with inconsistent and variable associations. Objective: We aim to investigate the urine chemistry factors, as assessed by 24-h urinary parameters, in pediatric stone formers at a large volume tertiary referral center in the highest areas in the United States, the Southeast, based on age, body mass index, and gender. Study design: We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric stone formers who completed a 24-h study between 2005 and 2016. Patients were stratified by age (3-10 versus 11-18 years of age), overweight status (above versus below the 85th percentile for body mass index), and gender (male versus female) (Summary Figure). Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and logistic regression. Results: 243 patients were included in our analysis. Patients in the first decade of life were found to have greater numbers of urinary risk factors than those in the second decade. Non-overweight patients were more likely to have hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria, while overweight patients were more likely to have hypocitraturia. Female patients were more likely to have higher hyperoxaluria, while male patients were more likely to have hypercalciuria. Discussion: In contrast to prior publications, obesity is not linked to increased risk of urolithiasis with non-overweight individuals having a greater number of risk factors than the overweight cohort. Despite stone disease being more prevalent in adolescents, the greatest number of risk factors were present in the first decade of life. Lastly, female children had more urinary risk factors than males. Further understanding of the underlying causes of stone disease in various pediatric populations is warranted. Conclusion: While more urinary risk factors were identified in younger, non-overweight, and female patients, there remains no consensus on the urinary risk factors for pediatric urolithiasis. Further study is needed to elucidate the risk factors and pathophysiology of pediatric stone disease.
dc.eprint.versionAuthor's manuscript
dc.identifier.citationFang AM, Gibson E, Oster RA, Dangle PP. Effect of age, BMI, and gender on urinary risk factors in pediatric idiopathic stone formers. J Pediatr Urol. 2021;17(4):477.e1-477.e9. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.05.024
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1805/45628
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.isversionof10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.05.024
dc.relation.journalJournal of Pediatric Urology
dc.rightsPublisher Policy
dc.sourcePMC
dc.subjectAge
dc.subjectBMI
dc.subjectGender
dc.subjectNephrolithiasis
dc.subjectPediatric
dc.subjectUrolithiasis
dc.titleEffect of age, BMI, and gender on urinary risk factors in pediatric idiopathic stone formers
dc.typeArticle
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