Relationship between Pantry Characteristics and Clientele Transportation when Accessing Food Resources in St. Joseph County and Surrounding Areas

Abstract

Food insecurity affects approximately 13% of the total population in St. Joseph County. To address this need, various food pantries and soup kitchens have been established by local community organizations. The advent of COVID-19, among other economic instabilities, exacerbated many health disparities within our community and further strained many already overstretched local nonprofits. In a survey of 10 local organizations from June to July 2023, we attempt to characterize the experiences and obstacles faced by pantry clients and directors (474 clients and 65 directors surveyed). An unexpected trend appeared as transportation means of clients was gathered: 84% of surveyed clients utilized pantries by car. Furthermore, some pantries were accessed almost exclusively by automobile, while others saw greater traffic from those walking, biking, and bussing. Clearly, means of transportation played a significant role in determining where individuals sought food aid. To explain these observed differences, we evaluate the relationships between transportation and pantry schedule, pantry location relative to bus lines, client choice in food selection, and provision of on-site meals. Our results indicate that the number of adjacent bus lines and distance to the nearest bus stop affect means of transportation to pantries (p<0.001). Furthermore, the presence of on-site meals, operation hours, and service use limits are tied to clients’ transportation method (p<0.001). To ensure equitable access and efficient food distribution, a continued focus on infrastructure and its alignment with pantry accessibility remains a critical aspect to address in the future.