Learning slopes in early-onset Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Objective: Investigation of learning slopes in early-onset dementias has been limited. The current study aimed to highlight the sensitivity of learning slopes to discriminate disease severity in cognitively normal participants and those diagnosed with early-onset dementia with and without β-amyloid positivity.

METHOD: Data from 310 participants in the Longitudinal Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (aged 41 to 65) were used to calculate learning slope metrics. Learning slopes among diagnostic groups were compared, and the relationships of slopes with standard memory measures were determined.

RESULTS: Worse learning slopes were associated with more severe disease states, even after controlling for demographics, total learning, and cognitive severity. A particular metric-the learning ratio (LR)-outperformed other learning slope calculations across analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: Learning slopes appear to be sensitive to early-onset dementias, even when controlling for the effect of total learning and cognitive severity. The LR may be the learning measure of choice for such analyses.

Highlights: Learning is impaired in amyloid-positive EOAD, beyond cognitive severity scores alone. Amyloid-positive EOAD participants perform worse on learning slopes than amyloid-negative participants. Learning ratio appears to be the learning metric of choice for EOAD participants.