Epidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection
dc.contributor.author | Almadhi, Marwa | |
dc.contributor.author | Alsayyad, Adel Salman | |
dc.contributor.author | Conroy, Ronan | |
dc.contributor.author | Atkin, Stephen | |
dc.contributor.author | Al Awadhi, Abdulla | |
dc.contributor.author | Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. | |
dc.contributor.author | AlQahtani, Manaf | |
dc.contributor.department | Medicine, School of Medicine | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-09T17:13:49Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-08-09T17:13:49Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
dc.description.abstract | Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been shown to reduce infection severity; however, the reinfection frequency among unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated individuals remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the rates of and factors associated with such occurrences. Methods: This retrospective epidemiological report included 1362 COVID-19 reinfection cases in Bahrain between April 2020 and July 2021. We analyzed differences in disease severity and reinfection characteristics among various vaccination statuses: fully vaccinated, interrupted vaccination, one-dose vaccination, postreinfection vaccination, and unvaccinated. Results: Reinfection cases increased from zero per month in April-June 2020 to a sharp peak of 579 in May 2021. A significantly larger proportion of reinfected individuals were male (60.3%, P <0.0001). Reinfection episodes were highest among those 30-39 years of age (29.7%). The fewest reinfection episodes occurred at 3-6 months after the first infection (20.6%) and most occurred ≥9 months after the initial infection (46.4%). Most individuals were asymptomatic during both episodes (35.7%). Reinfection disease severity was mild, with vaccinated patients less likely to have symptomatic reinfection (odds ratio 0.71, P = 0.004). Only 6.6% of reinfected patients required hospitalization. One death was recorded; the patient belonged to the unvaccinated group. Conclusion: Vaccine-induced immunity and previous infection with or without vaccination were effective in reducing reinfection disease severity. | |
dc.eprint.version | Final published version | |
dc.identifier.citation | Almadhi M, Alsayyad AS, Conroy R, et al. Epidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Int J Infect Dis. 2022;123:9-16. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.075 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1805/34820 | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | |
dc.relation.isversionof | 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.075 | |
dc.relation.journal | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
dc.rights | Publisher Policy | |
dc.source | PMC | |
dc.subject | Covid-19 | |
dc.subject | Public health | |
dc.subject | Reinfection | |
dc.subject | SARS-CoV-2 | |
dc.subject | Vaccination | |
dc.title | Epidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection | |
dc.type | Article | |
ul.alternative.fulltext | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345650/ |