Improving antiretroviral therapy adherence in resource-limited settings at scale: a discussion of interventions and recommendations

dc.contributor.authorHaberer, Jessica E.
dc.contributor.authorSabin, Lora
dc.contributor.authorAmico, K. Rivet
dc.contributor.authorOrrell, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorGalárraga, Omar
dc.contributor.authorTsai, Alexander C.
dc.contributor.authorVreeman, Rachel C.
dc.contributor.authorWilson, Ira
dc.contributor.authorSam-Agudu, Nadia A.
dc.contributor.authorBlaschke, Terrence F.
dc.contributor.authorVrijens, Bernard
dc.contributor.authorMellins, Claude A.
dc.contributor.authorRemien, Robert H.
dc.contributor.authorWeiser, Sheri D.
dc.contributor.authorLowenthal, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorStirratt, Michael J.
dc.contributor.authorSow, Papa Salif
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorFord, Nathan
dc.contributor.authorMills, Edward
dc.contributor.authorLester, Richard
dc.contributor.authorNachega, Jean B.
dc.contributor.authorBwana, Bosco Mwebesa
dc.contributor.authorSsewamala, Fred
dc.contributor.authorMbuagbaw, Lawrence
dc.contributor.authorMunderi, Paula
dc.contributor.authorGeng, Elvin
dc.contributor.authorBangsberg, David R.
dc.contributor.departmentPediatrics, School of Medicineen_US
dc.date.accessioned2017-12-21T17:23:39Z
dc.date.available2017-12-21T17:23:39Z
dc.date.issued2017-03-22
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Successful population-level antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence will be necessary to realize both the clinical and prevention benefits of antiretroviral scale-up and, ultimately, the end of AIDS. Although many people living with HIV are adhering well, others struggle and most are likely to experience challenges in adherence that may threaten virologic suppression at some point during lifelong therapy. Despite the importance of ART adherence, supportive interventions have generally not been implemented at scale. The objective of this review is to summarize the recommendations of clinical, research, and public health experts for scalable ART adherence interventions in resource-limited settings. Methods: In July 2015, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation convened a meeting to discuss the most promising ART adherence interventions for use at scale in resource-limited settings. This article summarizes that discussion with recent updates. It is not a systematic review, but rather provides practical considerations for programme implementation based on evidence from individual studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and the World Health Organization Consolidated Guidelines for HIV, which include evidence from randomized controlled trials in low- and middle-income countries. Interventions are categorized broadly as education and counselling; information and communication technology-enhanced solutions; healthcare delivery restructuring; and economic incentives and social protection interventions. Each category is discussed, including descriptions of interventions, current evidence for effectiveness, and what appears promising for the near future. Approaches to intervention implementation and impact assessment are then described. Results and discussion: The evidence base is promising for currently available, effective, and scalable ART adherence interventions for resource-limited settings. Numerous interventions build on existing health care infrastructure and leverage available resources. Those most widely studied and implemented to date involve peer counselling, adherence clubs, and short message service (SMS). Many additional interventions could have an important impact on ART adherence with further development, including standardized counselling through multi-media technology, electronic dose monitoring, decentralized and differentiated models of care, and livelihood interventions. Optimal targeting and tailoring of interventions will require improved adherence measurement. Conclusions: The opportunity exists today to address and resolve many of the challenges to effective ART adherence, so that they do not limit the potential of ART to help bring about the end of AIDS.en_US
dc.eprint.versionFinal published versionen_US
dc.identifier.citationHaberer, J. E., Sabin, L., Amico, K. R., Orrell, C., Galárraga, O., Tsai, A. C., … Bangsberg, D. R. (2017). Improving antiretroviral therapy adherence in resource-limited settings at scale: a discussion of interventions and recommendations. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 20(1), 21371. http://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.20.1/21371en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1805/14862
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.relation.isversionof10.7448/IAS.20.1.21371en_US
dc.relation.journalJournal of the International AIDS Societyen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 3.0 United States
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us
dc.sourcePMCen_US
dc.subjectHIVen_US
dc.subjectAntiretroviral therapy adherenceen_US
dc.subjectInterventionsen_US
dc.subjectResource-limited settingsen_US
dc.titleImproving antiretroviral therapy adherence in resource-limited settings at scale: a discussion of interventions and recommendationsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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