Evaluation of federated learning variations for COVID-19 diagnosis using chest radiographs from 42 US and European hospitals

dc.contributor.authorPeng, Le
dc.contributor.authorLuo, Gaoxiang
dc.contributor.authorWalker, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorZaiman, Zachary
dc.contributor.authorJones, Emma K.
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Hemant
dc.contributor.authorKersten, Kristopher
dc.contributor.authorBurns, John L.
dc.contributor.authorHarle, Christopher A.
dc.contributor.authorMagoc, Tanja
dc.contributor.authorShickel, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorSteenburg, Scott D.
dc.contributor.authorLoftus, Tyler
dc.contributor.authorMelton, Genevieve B.
dc.contributor.authorWawira Gichoya, Judy
dc.contributor.authorSun, Ju
dc.contributor.authorTignanelli, Christopher J.
dc.contributor.departmentRadiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-27T15:56:36Z
dc.date.available2023-09-27T15:56:36Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractObjective: Federated learning (FL) allows multiple distributed data holders to collaboratively learn a shared model without data sharing. However, individual health system data are heterogeneous. "Personalized" FL variations have been developed to counter data heterogeneity, but few have been evaluated using real-world healthcare data. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of a single-site versus a 3-client federated model using a previously described Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) diagnostic model. Additionally, to investigate the effect of system heterogeneity, we evaluate the performance of 4 FL variations. Materials and methods: We leverage a FL healthcare collaborative including data from 5 international healthcare systems (US and Europe) encompassing 42 hospitals. We implemented a COVID-19 computer vision diagnosis system using the Federated Averaging (FedAvg) algorithm implemented on Clara Train SDK 4.0. To study the effect of data heterogeneity, training data was pooled from 3 systems locally and federation was simulated. We compared a centralized/pooled model, versus FedAvg, and 3 personalized FL variations (FedProx, FedBN, and FedAMP). Results: We observed comparable model performance with respect to internal validation (local model: AUROC 0.94 vs FedAvg: 0.95, P = .5) and improved model generalizability with the FedAvg model (P < .05). When investigating the effects of model heterogeneity, we observed poor performance with FedAvg on internal validation as compared to personalized FL algorithms. FedAvg did have improved generalizability compared to personalized FL algorithms. On average, FedBN had the best rank performance on internal and external validation. Conclusion: FedAvg can significantly improve the generalization of the model compared to other personalization FL algorithms; however, at the cost of poor internal validity. Personalized FL may offer an opportunity to develop both internal and externally validated algorithms.
dc.eprint.versionFinal published version
dc.identifier.citationPeng L, Luo G, Walker A, et al. Evaluation of federated learning variations for COVID-19 diagnosis using chest radiographs from 42 US and European hospitals. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2022;30(1):54-63. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac188
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1805/35836
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherOxford University Press
dc.relation.isversionof10.1093/jamia/ocac188
dc.relation.journalJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association
dc.rightsPublisher Policy
dc.sourcePMC
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectArtificial intelligence
dc.subjectComputer vision
dc.subjectFederated learning
dc.titleEvaluation of federated learning variations for COVID-19 diagnosis using chest radiographs from 42 US and European hospitals
dc.typeArticle
ul.alternative.fulltexthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9619688/
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