Tourism, Event, & Sport Management Works
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Item The effects of sports gambling on young fans’ attitudes and behaviors in Hong Kong(Indiana University, 2023-11) Ip, Chin Ho; Kim, Seungmo; Lee, Soonhwan; Wang, Suosheng; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesSports gambling has become closely intertwined with sports. However, the effect of sports gambling on young adults have not been extensively investigated, even if it is expected that participating in sports gambling could influence young adults' attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, the purposes of the current study were a) to investigate the effects of sports gambling on young adults’ attitudes and behaviors and b) to evaluate the quality of life of young adults in Hong Kong. A total of 160 young adults (80 sports gamblers and 80 non-gamblers) in Hong Kong participated in the survey. The results of t-tests revealed the differences between sports gamblers and non-gamblers. Specifically, non-gamblers showed higher levels of sports fan identification, quality of life, BIRGing behaviors, prosocial behaviors, performance tolerance, and purchasing intention than sports gamblers, whereas sports gamblers had higher level of positive affect on sports spectating. Furthermore, the results of the multiple regressions indicated that sports fan identification and positive affect influenced non-gamblers’ purchasing intention, while only sports fan identification had an impact on sports gamblers’ purchasing intention. These results provided an empirical conformation of the effect of sports gambling on sports fan attitudes and behaviors, which contribute to our understanding of the destructive impact of sports gambling on sports fan experience.Item Evaluating food safety education in hospitality management programs through the lenses of situated learning theory: Insights from industry leaders and educators(Elsevier, 2023-11) Wen, Han; Liu-Lastres, Bingjie; Vo, Le Bich Ngoc; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesFood safety is essential in hospitality management education, but there has been great concern about students' knowledge, attitude, and practices about food safety. Guided by the situated learning theory, this study evaluated contemporary food safety education in U.S. colleges and identified needs for future improvement. This paper reports the findings of two studies: the first interviewed 20 industry leaders in hospitality management, and the second interviewed 10 food safety educators. The results showed that, despite its importance, food safety education in colleges had heavily relied on commercialized programs such as ServSafe®, and taking these courses is unmotivating for students. Moreover, practitioners acknowledge the importance of food safety, but their implementation of food safety training can be limited by organizational size and staffing issues. Based on the theory and the findings, this study provided suggestions for improving food safety education in U.S. higher education institutions.Item Exploring esport players’ motivation, experiences, and well-being(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Mechelin, Kyle J.; Liu-Lastres, Bingjie; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesThis study aimed to explore esports fans’ motivation, experiences and well-being. Guided by the serious leisure perspective and self-determination theory, this study focused on the community of Super Smash Brothers (SSB). This study adopted a qualitative approach and interviewed 13 members with different types of involvement with the community. The results showed that participants’ continuous involvement with the activity is motivated by pursuing personal and social benefits as well as their serious pursuit of esport and their identity as an SSB community member. The esports experiences also improved their well-being through enhancing their social well-being, improving their quality of life and satisfying their needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Lastly, the finding showed that despite the digital nature of esports, the onset of the pandemic has negatively impacted player experiences and re-emphasised the importance of attending in-person events. Based on the findings, this study discussed how to reconceptualise esports as well as highlighted the need for more future research focusing on the positive effects of esports.Item Combating quiet quitting: implications for future research and practices for talent management(Emerald, 2024-01) Liu-Lastres, Bingjie; Karatepe, Osman M.; Okumus, Fevzi; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesPurpose This paper aims to offer viewpoints on the emergence of Quiet Quitting. Particularly, this paper reviews the reasons behind the phenomenon and analyzes its potential influences on the hospitality workforce. This study also proposes theory-driven solutions addressing this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the relevant literature, industry reports and a critical reflection of the authors’ experiences, research and insights. Findings This paper reveals that Quiet Quitting can be a major obstacle for the hospitality business to reach service excellence. This paper also finds that Quiet Quitting is driven by several antecedents and correlates and affects employees, customers and various businesses in the hospitality and tourism industries. Practical implications This paper proposes several suggestions to properly address this issue, including enhancing the person–organization fit, work flexibility and employee well-being. Originality/value Quiet Quitting emerged as a new trend among the young workforce shortly after the pandemic. Despite the popularity of such odd terminology, academic discussions surrounding this issue have been limited. As one of the early attempts, this paper offers a critical analysis of the phenomenon and actional insights to respond to this ongoing challenge.Item Are we always ready? Examining event professionals approaches to risk and crisis management and resilience(Elsevier, 2023-03) Liu-Lastres, Bingjie; Cahyanto, Ignatius P.; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesThe purpose of this study was to provide empirical insights into event professionals' approaches to risk and crisis management and resilience. This study was guided by an integrated model developed based on the 4R Tourism Crisis Management Model and the Organizational Resilience Framework. A qualitative research method was used, where two studies consisted of 26 interviews were conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that most event professionals' risk management measures center around event operations, and their crisis management practices appear to be more aligned with the organization. Both personal and organizational factors influence the participants' risk and crisis management and resilience-building practices. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed their underpreparedness towards major crises, and most of them had not appreciated the importance of resilience until the crisis ensued. Based on the findings, this study further discussed theoretical and practical implications.Item A Post-Pandemic Reflection of the Changing Role of Contemporary Event Professionals: Implications for Event Professionals and Higher Education(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Kramer, Savannah Kay; Liu-Lastres, Bingjie; Cecil, Amanda; Shonkwiler, Erica; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesWhile the event, tourism, and hospitality industry is constantly evolving, COVID-19 vastly shifted the roles, responsibilities, and jobs for event professionals, which caused event management educators to reevaluate their curriculum and course offerings. This study investigated the potential changes COVID-19 has had on event professionals’ skill sets. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, where data were collected from event professionals via focus groups and a national survey. The results highlighted the importance of general business management skillsets (communication, business writing, negotiation) as well as specific event management skills (digital and technology skills). Through a timely reflection on these changes during the pandemic, this study not only highlights the requirements for contemporary event professionals, but also offers implications for higher education institutions regarding how to effectively embrace the new landscape of event management in post-pandemic times.Item Impact of Traditional Versus Interactive Point-Of- View Video-Based Training Methods on Situational Confidence Levels in Intramural College Basketball Officials(2023-05) Feller, Kevin; Mechelin, Kyle; Sherman, Geoffre; Krohn, Brian; Pierce, David; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesPurpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the confidence level of college level intramural basketball officials and how different training methods, traditional and interactive point-of-view (POV) video-based, affect their perception on their confidence to perform their job accurately and in stressful environments. Methods: There were 13 control participants who trained with the college intramural programs referee training protocols and there were 21 participants who trained with interactive POV video-based technology. Both groups answered 12 questions pre- and post-test on their perceived officiating confidence levels. The data was analyzed using an independent sample T-Test to determine if there are any differences between the means of two groups on each question. Results: Three questions showed significant results with the POV video-based group proving greater positive changes in confidence levels from the pre to post-test than the control group: “ability to possess the most extensive knowledge of the rules compared to anyone else present at the game,” “the participants confidence in their ability to determine if a foul of violation had been committed,” and the participants being “confident in their ability to make consistent calls.” Conclusion: Interactive POV video-based training can increase confidence levels of collegiate intramural basketball officials.Item Are We Punishing Success? An Evaluation of the Indiana Tournament Success Factor and Implications for Interscholastic Policy(Indiana University, 2023) Johnson, James; Pierce, David; Matz, Davis; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesIn 2012 the Indiana High School Athletic Association approved the Tournament Success Factor (TSF). This innovative policy was designed to improve interscholastic competitive balance by reclassifying individual teams above their enrollment based on success in their post-season tournament. To date, there have been five two-year cycles of TSF reclassifications, and some critics argue the policy unfairly penalizes the athletes on teams who must play up in classification after the successes of the predecessors. To determine if this critique was justified, as well as identify patterns and potential policy adjustments, this study investigated 93 cases of how teams performed after moving up in classification due to the TSF. Results indicated that 55.9% did not have enough post-season success at the next level in the first cycle after moving up to remain in the higher classification, and 79.5% did not by the end of two cycles. Additionally, reclassifications happen at a disproportionately high rate for private schools relative to the number of private high schools throughout the state. Historically, six and eight years prior to moving up show significant differences between teams that have some success at a higher classification and teams that demonstrated isolated success with an immediate return to a lower classification. Based on the results, it appears a reasonable policy innovation would be to increase the point value needed to trigger the move up from 6 to 7, or use a historical metric that includes TSF points over prior cycles. These changes would eliminate most of the isolated cases of success and target the most successful programs that should be competing at a higher classification, which meets the true intention and spirit of TSF.Item Planning Jagathon: Commitment and Social Identities(IUI Events and Tourism Institute, 2022) Bao, Huilin; McConnell, Maddie; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesJagathon has been one of the most significant events at IUPUI which is hosted and planned by IUPUI students. The study used social identity theory to indicate the planning process of Jagathon’s influences on Jagathon planners. The researchers conducted a qualitative study by interviewing 8 Jagathon planners. The results of the research showed that social identities can be enhanced through the planning of Jagathon as planners have gained self-development and found themselves more committed to IUPUI and themselves. The researchers also found that diversity can lead to increased participation. Based on the findings, this study provides some discussions about how IUPUI can enhance students’ experience and engagement on campus and increase students’ long-term commitment to IUPUI.Item Understanding student-lead charitable events through participant social media usage: A mixed-methods study(IUI Events and Tourism Institute, 2022) Mechelin, Kyle; Marion, Andrew; Lickliter, Murphy; Tourism, Event, & Sport Management, School of Health and Human SciencesThis paper explores how campus-based charitable events can drive future participation through the factors of engagement, social media use, campus community, and self-esteem. Through mixed-methods, researchers drew insights from Twitter posts and survey responses of past and current Jagathon participants. Tweets were analyzed through sentiment analysis and survey data was explored through multiple linear regression, descriptive analysis, and correlation analysis. The results of study one indicates an overall positive attitude towards Jagathon held by participants. The results of study two found that the experience had at Jagathon and social media use are two of the most influential factors on intent to remain involved. The results provide theoretical and practical implications for charitable event hosts and outlines steps for further research in the subject.