Dentistry School Theses and Dissertations
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Item A Bolton Analysis Comparison of Hispanic vs. Caucasian Samples in Indianapolis, Indiana(2004) Kutsch, Devon R.; Roberts, W. Eugene; Baldwin, James J.; Hohlt, William F.; Hathaway, Ronald R.; Shanks, James C.Although many studies examining tooth size discrepancy have been conducted, many were originally done on unknown populations and genders. They were also conducted on Class I ideal occlusions. Since that time, there have been many studies of the Caucasian population, but little has been done to compare the differences between Caucasian and Hispanic patients. The objective of this study was to establish whether there is a greater incidence of Bolton tooth mass discrepancies in the Hispanic population than in the Caucasian population of Indianapolis, Indiana. Secondly, the objective was to examine possible differences in the incidence of tooth mass discrepancy according to gender and dental malocclusion in the same sample. A sample of 292 pretreatment casts was measured to determine the incidence in both populations. The sample was composed of 146 Caucasian patients and 146 Hispanic patients. The patient sample was composed of 86 Caucasian females, 60 Caucasian males, 87 Hispanic females, and 59 Hispanic males. Patient's ethnicity was defined by photos and patient history. Individuals with a known mixed ethnicity were excluded. The sample was taken from patients in both the pre- and postdoctoral clinics at Indiana University School of Dentistry Section of Orthodontics, and the offices of selected private practitioners. Mesio-distal width of all teeth from first molar to first molar was measured with the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal contact areas normally being the widest area. The inter-incisal angle was evaluated utilizing lateral cephalometric radiographs. The molar and cuspid classification, overjet, overbite, and maxillary central incisor anterior-posterior dimension was measured from the dental casts. Results demonstrated that overjet, overbite, interincisal angle, molar class, and cuspid class did not have a significant effect on the Bolton discrepancy with each gender or between the two ethnic groups. Ethnicity did have a significant effect on the overall and anterior Bolton discrepancy with the ratio the Hispanics showing a significantly higher proportion of cases outside normal. Exploratory analysis also demonstrated which teeth were most discrepant. Clinicians are faced daily with the challenge of trying to produce ideal occlusions with optimal esthetics. Tooth mass discrepancies present an impediment to the clinician in trying to achieve this goal. By studying malocclusions common to a population, the clinician can more effectively treat his/her patients by being aware of potential problems that might compromise the final outcome. With the burgeoning Hispanic population in the US, this study was indicated using the Hispanic population as a patient base to ascertain how commonly used norms relate to the Hispanic population. This study demonstrated Hispanics have a significantly greater proportion of patients with a significant Bolton discrepancy. Being aware of this will allow the clinician to treat his/her patients more effectively and obtain an optimum esthetic and functional result.Item A Cephalometric Analysis Comparing Anteroposterior Mandibular Growth of Treated and Non-Treated Cl 1 and Cl II, Patients(1971) Tillmanns, David V.This study was conducted to investigate any anteroposterior mandibular growth that occurs after orthodontic treatment is completed and to determine how it might compare with growth in untreated subjects of comparable age. The research sample consisted of 15 males and 23 females who prior to orthodontic treatment had either an Angle Class I or Class 11 division 1 malocclusion. The control group of 14 males and 16 females had normal Class I occlusions. All subjects were Caucasians. A standardized technique for taking lateral cephalometric radiographs was used at the time of debanding and 2 1/2 to 4 1/2 years later for follow up (post-treatment) radiographs. The deband and post-treatment radiographs of each subject were traced and superposed. Measurements were compared to the expected normal values of the control group at a comparable age. With the “t” test, the following significant differences of 0.05 probability or less were found. Effective mandibular length was less than normal in the male Class II treated malocclusion at the time of debanding, and actual mandibular length was greater than normal in the female Class I treated malocclusion at the time of deband and post-treatment periods. Growth was compared between the Class I and Class II treated malocclusion samples within each sex group. No significant differences were observed which suggests that the growth potential of the mandible, with either a Class I or Class II malocclusion, will be the same after treatment.Item A Cephalometric Analysis Comparing Incremental Skeletal Growth in the Adolescent Face with Projected Growth(1973) Wilkins, Don M.This study investigated the correlation between predicted growth in cranial base, maxilla, and mandible and the actual growth in these structures over a two-year period. The treatment sample consisted of 13 males and 16 females who prior to orthodontic treatment had a Class I skeletal relationship and an Angle Class I arch length discrepancy. The developmental age varied from 11.0 to 17.0 years of age in males and from 9.5 to 15.0 years of age in females. The control group of 14 males and 16 females had Class I skeletal patterns and Angle Class I occlusions. All subjects were Caucasians. To determine the actual growth values for the treatment sample, a standardized technique was used for taking two lateral cephalometric headplates: one at the beginning of orthodontic treatment and another approximately two years later. A wristplate was also taken from which the developmental age of each subject was determined. Two year growth prediction increments were calculated for each structure in the treatment sample based on the individual's developmental age. These prediction increments represent the average growth of the corresponding structure in the control sample. With the exception of the female mandible, when the predicted growth increments were compared to actual growth, the correlation coefficients were not large enough to justify using mean growth values as predictors of individual craniofacial growth. It was concluded that the individual variation in growth rate precludes the use of a group statistic, such as a mean increment, for predicting facial changes.Item A Cephalometric Appraisal of Dentofacial Changes Following the Insertion of Artificial Dentures(1955) Starr, Richard; Muhler, Joseph; Phillips, RalphItem A Cephalometric Evaluation of the Integumental Profile of French Canadian Children(1972) Remise, Claude H.This study was undertaken in order to obtain standards on the soft tissue facial contour in a French Canadian sample based on analysis of lateral head-plates. Twenty boys and twenty girls were studied longitudinally from 6 to 9 years of age and the same was applied to twenty children of each sex followed from 10 to 13 years of age. No attention was paid to the occlusion and the cases were chosen on the sole basis of acceptable facial profile. The results are analysed and further investigations to be done are described.Item A Cephalometric Evaluation of Variations of Angle Class I Malocclusions(1953) Vorhies, Jack M.Item A Cephalometric Investigation of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia(1981) Harbour, John P.; Bixler, David; Garner, LaForrest D.; Sondhi, Anoop; Shanks, James C.; Bowman, Sally A.The characteristic features of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia were first reported in 1848 by Thurnam. Since this first classification, the characteristic facies of this syndrome have often been reported. Individuals with this disease have been described by various authors as having a prognathic mandible, an underdeveloped mandible, a small face, an elongated maxilla, an anteriorly positioned maxilla, a midface hypoplasia, and more. Only one cephalometric study of this syndrome exists and it was performed to study growth. The present study was designed to describe and quantify, through the use of cephalometric analysis, any facial and cranial variations in these patients. The study also attempted to describe the variations found in female heterozygotes. Nine hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patients and their families were studied. A total of 31 individuals participated. When the data obtained from the cephalometric measurements were grouped into probands, gene carriers (heterozygous females), and normals, it was found that certain variations did exist. The size and position of cranial base and the mandible in all three groups were within normal limits (±2 S.D.). The maxillae of the probands were significantly short, yet positioned normally. The gene carriers also showed this trend, but the results were not significant. Profiles (soft and hard tissue) were significantly concave in the proband and gene carrier groups due to a combined effect of altered maxillary and mandibular positions.Item A Cephalometric Investigation of the Dento-Skeletal Morphology of Class II, Division 1 Malocclusions(1959-07) Kreager, John E.Item A Cephalometric Skeletal and Dental Analysis of Children with Excellent Occlusions(1962) Rosenbloum, Malcolm LouisA sample of twenty-five children with excellent occlusions between the ages of eight through eleven was collected. Cephalometric radiographs were taken of these children with the objective of obtaining normal standards for the purpose of compiling a cephalometric analysis especially applicable for diagnosis of malocclusions of the mixed dentition. A statistical analysis were performed on the data to calculate the means, ranges, standard deviations, and standard errors of the mean for each measurement. By the use of “t” tests, males were found to be significantly larger than females with respect to several linear measurements. However, there were no significant differences between males and females fore any of the angular measurements. No significant differences were found between this sample and Reidel’s sample; but, when compared to Downs’ sample, the upper and lower incisors of this sample were found to be significantly more protrusive. A correlation study of several pairs of measurements was also done. Significant positive correlations were found between the length of anterior cranial base and the length of the palate; and also between the lower facial height and the lower dental height. A significant negative correlation was found between the chin prominence and the angle of convexity.