Department of Exercise & Kinesiology

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    A Six-Year Retrospective of ePortfolio Implementation: Discovering Inclusion through Student Voice and Choice
    (WAC Clearinghouse, 2024) Urtel, Mark; Fallowfield, Stephen M.; Angermeier, Lisa; Swinford, Rachel; Exercise & Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    Designing then implementing ePortfolios as a High Impact Practice (HIP) (Watson et al., 2016) across an academic program in kinesiology presents many opportunities and challenges. The authors document their six-year journey and ensuing lessons along the way, as they strive to uncover and enact best practices for department-wide implementation. After a first attempt implementing the ePortfolio when they realized their efforts fell short, this faculty team immersed themselves in comprehensive professional development and worked together with students to recast how each knew and understood an ePortfolio. To achieve the newly crafted outcomes of an ePortfolio project, the authors found that promoting student voice and choice is essential to fostering student engagement and inclusivity. Informed by findings of a mixed methods study, the faculty team hopes to provide a meaningful perspective that supports faculty exploration within ePortfolios and offer guidance to be sure students are partners in this journey.
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    Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy Research Agenda: Rationale for the Development and the Intent for Use
    (APTA Geriatrics, 2022-04) VanSwearingen, Jessie; Knox, Sara; Lowry, Kristin A.; Allison, Leslie K.; Ciolek , Cathy; Miller, Kenneth L.; Avin, Keith G.; Hartley, Greg W.; Exercise & Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    The rationale for the development and the intent for use of a research agenda for the Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy is described. The reasons for the research agenda for geriatric physical therapy are (1) to have a broad representation of the research conducted by physical therapist(s) working with older adults, (2) to provide guidance and assistance to emerging investigators to aid the trajectory of a research career, and (3) as a document to engage potential funding agencies, foundations, and individuals in support of physical therapist-conducted research. The design was based on the Research Agenda for Physical Therapy (APTA document), formatted to be consistent with the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, priority ratings for the research statements, and specific examples of research questions for each category of the Research Agenda. The Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy Research Agenda generated to be a living document, with revisions to research questions and priority ratings expected in the future to enable the agenda to adapt to changes in science, practice, workforce, education, and health policy.
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    Active Gaming as a Form of Exercise to Induce Hypoalgesia
    (Liebert, 2017-08) Carey, Christopher; Naugle, Keith E.; Aqeel, Dania; Ohlman, Thomas; Naugle, Kelly M.; Kinesiology, School of Physical Education and Tourism Management
    Objective: An acute bout of moderate-to-vigorous exercise temporarily reduces pain sensitivity in healthy adults. Recently, active gaming has been rising in popularity as a means of light-to-moderate exercise and may be particularly suitable for deconditioned individuals. Whether the physical activity elicited in active games can produce a hypoalgesic effect remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether active videogames can reduce pressure and heat pain sensitivity in healthy adults. We also evaluated the relationship between the physical activity elicited by the games and the magnitude of the hypoalgesic response. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one healthy adults played four different active games on separate days, including Microsoft® Kinect Xbox® One's Fighter Within and Sports Rival's Tennis, and Nintendo® Wii™ Sports' Boxing and Tennis. Heat pain thresholds on the forearm and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) on the trapezius and forearm were assessed immediately before and after a 15-minute active gaming or control session. Minutes spent in sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during active gaming were measured with an accelerometer. Results: The analyses revealed that PPTs at the forearm and trapezius significantly increased from pretest to posttest following Kinect Fighter Within. PPTs at the trapezius also significantly increased from pretest to posttest following Wii Boxing. The magnitude of the hypoalgesic response was significantly correlated with MVPA and sedentary time during gameplay. Conclusion: These results suggest that an active gaming session played at a moderate intensity is capable of temporarily reducing pain sensitivity.
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    Active Virtual Reality Games Reduce Pain Sensitivity in Young, Healthy Adults
    (Frontiers, 2021-11) Evans, Eric; Naugle, Keith E.; Ovispo, Alex; Kaleth, Anthony S.; Arnold, Brent; Naugle, Kelly M.; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    Separately, both physical activity and virtual reality can attenuate pain sensitivity in healthy adults. What is unknown is whether virtual reality combined with physical activity (active virtual reality) could have a greater hypoalgesic effect compared to non-active virtual reality distraction (passive virtual reality engagement). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether playing physically active virtual reality games exert a greater hypoalgesic effect than a non-active virtual reality game. Methods: Participants (n = 36) played three different active virtual reality games (Beat Saber, Holopoint, and Hot Squat) and one non-active virtual reality game (Relax Walk) for 15 min on four different visits. During gameplay, participants wore accelerometers on the thigh, wrist, and waist to measure movement intensity and quantity. Pressure pain thresholds were measured on the forearm and thigh immediately prior to gameplay (pretest) and immediately following each gaming bout (posttest). Results: Analysis of the accelerometer data indicated that Hot Squat elicited greater whole-body and lower body moderate to vigorous physical activity compared to the other games. The ANOVA revealed an overall hypoalgesic effect of the virtual reality games on the forearm, regardless of game type. Results also showed a significant hypoalgesic effect on the thigh following gameplay for Hot Squat, Holopoint, and Relax Walk VR. The magnitude of pain reduction was significantly greater during Hot Squat compared to the other games. Conclusion: Virtual reality gameplay exerted a hypoalgesic effect on experimental pressure pain. Additionally, the data provided evidence of a potential enhanced hypoalgesic effect of physically active virtual reality compared to non-active VR on pressure pain sensitivity.
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    Adapted Dance and Individuals With Down Syndrome: A Phenomenological Approach
    (Sagamore, 2022-06-01) Swinford, Rachel; Noerr, Kyra; Exercise & Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often experience lower levels of physical activity (PA) and social participation when compared to peers without DS. The purpose was to examine the lived experience of participating in the dance program and interpret the meaning of the dance program. Dancers participated in a 6-week adapted dance program and were interviewed after the program. This study investigated the lived experience of a 6-week adapted dance program for 20 individuals with Down syndrome (DS) using interpretive phenomenology. Dancer interviews revealed a primary theme of dancers experiencing joy and happiness while dancing. This research helps advocate opportunities for individuals with DS to experience dance as a social, physical, and intellectual activity. Findings can support future PA and sports initiatives for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
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    Advocating for Your Department through a School Merger: The Chair Perspective
    (Wiley, 2019) Urtel, Mark; Cecil, Amanda K.; Kinesiology, School of Physical Education and Tourism Management
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    Age-related differences in conditioned pain modulation of sensitizing and desensitizing trends during response dependent stimulation
    (Elsevier, 2015-08) Naugle, Kelly M.; Cruz-Almeida, Yenisel; Vierck, Charles J.; Mauderli, Andre P.; Riley III, Joseph L.; Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education and Tourism Management
    The current study evaluated age differences in conditioned pain modulation using a test stimulus that provided the opportunity to evaluate changes in heat pain sensitivity, sensitization, and desensitization within the same paradigm. During this psychophysical test, pain intensity clamping uses REsponse Dependent STIMulation (REDSTIM) methodology to automatically adjust stimulus intensity to maintain a desired pain rating set-point. Specifically, stimulus intensity increases until a pre-defined pain rating (the setpoint) is exceeded, and then decreases until pain ratings fall below the setpoint, with continued increases and decreases dictated by ratings. The subjects are blinded in terms of the setpoint and stimulus intensities. Younger and older subjects completed two test sessions of two REDSTIM trials, with presentation of conditioning cold stimulation between the trials of one session but not the other. The results indicated that conditioning cold stimulation similarly decreased the overall sensitivity of younger and older subjects, as measured by the average temperature that maintained a setpoint rating of 20 (on a scale of 0-100). The conditioning stimulus also significantly enhanced sensitization following ascending stimulus progressions and desensitization following descending stimulus progressions in older subjects relative to younger subjects. Thus, older subjects experienced greater swings in sensitivity in response to varying levels of painful stimulation. These results are discussed in terms of control over pain intensity by descending central modulatory systems. These findings potentially shed new light on the central control over descending inhibition and facilitation of pain.
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    Altered skeletal muscle metabolic pathways, age, systemic inflammation, and low cardiorespiratory fitness associate with improvements in disease activity following high-intensity interval training in persons with rheumatoid arthritis
    (BMC, 2021-07-10) Andonian, Brian J.; Johannemann, Andrew; Hubal, Monica J.; Pober, David M.; Koss, Alec; Kraus, William E.; Bartlett, David B.; Huffman, Kim M.; Exercise & Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    Background: Exercise training, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), improves rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammatory disease activity via unclear mechanisms. Because exercise requires skeletal muscle, skeletal muscle molecular pathways may contribute. The purpose of this study was to identify connections between skeletal muscle molecular pathways, RA disease activity, and RA disease activity improvements following HIIT. Methods: RA disease activity assessments and vastus lateralis skeletal muscle biopsies were performed in two separate cohorts of persons with established, seropositive, and/or erosive RA. Body composition and objective physical activity assessments were also performed in both the cross-sectional cohort and the longitudinal group before and after 10 weeks of HIIT. Baseline clinical assessments and muscle RNA gene expression were correlated with RA disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28) and DAS-28 improvements following HIIT. Skeletal muscle gene expression changes with HIIT were evaluated using analysis of covariance and biological pathway analysis. Results: RA inflammatory disease activity was associated with greater amounts of intramuscular adiposity and less vigorous aerobic exercise (both p < 0.05). HIIT-induced disease activity improvements were greatest in those with an older age, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and a skeletal muscle molecular profile indicative of altered metabolic pathways (p < 0.05 for all). Specifically, disease activity improvements were linked to baseline expression of RA skeletal muscle genes with cellular functions to (1) increase amino acid catabolism and interconversion (GLDC, BCKDHB, AASS, PYCR, RPL15), (2) increase glycolytic lactate production (AGL, PDK2, LDHB, HIF1A), and (3) reduce oxidative metabolism via altered beta-oxidation (PXMP2, ACSS2), TCA cycle flux (OGDH, SUCLA2, MDH1B), and electron transport chain complex I function (NDUFV3). The muscle mitochondrial glycine cleavage system (GCS) was identified as critically involved in RA disease activity improvements given upregulation of multiple GCS genes at baseline, while GLDC was significantly downregulated following HIIT. Conclusion: In the absence of physical activity, RA inflammatory disease activity is associated with transcriptional remodeling of skeletal muscle metabolism. Following exercise training, the greatest improvements in disease activity occur in older, more inflamed, and less fit persons with RA. These exercise training-induced immunomodulatory changes may occur via reprogramming muscle bioenergetic and amino acid/protein homeostatic pathways.
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    An Analysis of Future Coaches’ Emerging Dispositions on Social Justice: The Wooden Effect
    (2014-02) Culp, Brian
    This qualitative study explored the extent to which an archetype presented through a non-fiction text could impact aspiring coaches' (AC's) dispositions regarding social justice. Forty-three aspiring coaches at a Midwestern university enrolled in a foundations class that presented issues related to inequity were studied. Analysis of student journals indicated changes in AC's philosophies regarding social justice, an appreciation for the perspectives of underrepresented groups and emergent critical perspectives when examining sport processes. Results of the study imply that a focus on democratic education and constructivism in coaching preparation programs may be of benefit. A means by which praxis of this nature can be realized for future professionals is presented using Giddens' structuration theory.
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    Angiogenic potential of skeletal muscle derived extracellular vesicles differs between oxidative and glycolytic muscle tissue in mice
    (Nature, 2023-11) Kargl, Christopher K.; Jia, Zhihao; Shera, Deborah A.; Sullivan, Brian P.; Burton, Lundon C.; Kim, Kun Ho; Nie, Yaohui; Hubal, Monica J.; Shannahan, Jonathan H.; Kuang, Shihuan; Gavin, Timothy P.; Exercise & Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    Skeletal muscle fibers regulate surrounding endothelial cells (EC) via secretion of numerous angiogenic factors, including extracellular vesicles (SkM-EV). Muscle fibers are broadly classified as oxidative (OXI) or glycolytic (GLY) depending on their metabolic characteristics. OXI fibers secrete more pro-angiogenic factors and have greater capillary densities than GLY fibers. OXI muscle secretes more EV than GLY, however it is unknown whether muscle metabolic characteristics regulate EV contents and signaling potential. EVs were isolated from primarily oxidative or glycolytic muscle tissue from mice. MicroRNA (miR) contents were determined and endothelial cells were treated with OXI- and GLY-EV to investigate angiogenic signaling potential. There were considerable differences in miR contents between OXI- and GLY-EV and pathway analysis identified that OXI-EV miR were predicted to positively regulate multiple endothelial-specific pathways, compared to GLY-EV. OXI-EV improved in vitro angiogenesis, which may have been mediated through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) related pathways, as treatment of endothelial cells with a non-selective NOS inhibitor abolished the angiogenic benefits of OXI-EV. This is the first report to show widespread differences in miR contents between SkM-EV isolated from metabolically different muscle tissue and the first to demonstrate that oxidative muscle tissue secretes EV with greater angiogenic signaling potential than glycolytic muscle tissue.