Staff Works

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    [(11)C]PiB PET in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease
    (e-Century Publishing Corporation, 2016) Deters, Kacie D.; Risacher, Shannon L.; Yoder, Karmen K.; Oblak, Adrian L.; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Murrell, Jill R.; Epperson, Francine; Tallman, Eileen F.; Quaid, Kimberly A.; Farlow, Martin R.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Ghetti, Bernardino; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease (GSS) is a familial neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by ataxia, parkinsonism, and dementia, and neuropathologically by deposition of diffuse and amyloid plaques composed of prion protein (PrP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate if [(11)C]Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) is capable of detecting PrP-amyloid in PRNP gene carriers. Six individuals at risk for GSS and eight controls underwent [(11)C]PiB PET scans using standard methods. Approximately one year after the initial scan, each of the three asymptomatic carriers (two with PRNP P102L mutation, one with PRNP F198S mutation) underwent a second [(11)C]PiB PET scan. Three P102L carriers, one F198S carrier, and one non-carrier of the F198S mutation were cognitively normal, while one F198S carrier was cognitively impaired during the course of this study. No [(11)C]PiB uptake was observed in any subject at baseline or at follow-up. Neuropathologic study of the symptomatic individual revealed PrP-immunopositive plaques and tau-immunopositive neurofibrillary tangles in cerebral cortex, subcortical nuclei, and brainstem. PrP deposits were also numerous in the cerebellar cortex. This is the first study to investigate the ability of [(11)C]PiB PET to bind to PrP-amyloid in GSS F198S subjects. This finding suggests that [(11)C]PiB PET is not suitable for in vivo assessment of PrP-amyloid plaques in patients with GSS.
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    Abbreviated dignity therapy for adults with advanced-stage cancer and their family caregivers: Qualitative analysis of a pilot study
    (Cambridge University Press, 2019-06) Beck, Adrienne; Cottingham, Ann H.; Stutz, Patrick V.; Gruber, Rachel; Bernat, Jennifer K.; Helft, Paul R.; Wilhelm, Laura; Schmidt, Karen; Stout, Madison E.; Willard, Claire; Johns, Shelley A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objective Dignity therapy (DT) is designed to address psychological and existential challenges that terminally ill individuals face. DT guides patients in developing a written legacy project in which they record and share important memories and messages with those they will leave behind. DT has been demonstrated to ease existential concerns for adults with advanced-stage cancer; however, lack of institutional resources limits wide implementation of DT in clinical practice. This study explores qualitative outcomes of an abbreviated, less resource-intensive version of DT among participants with advanced-stage cancer and their legacy project recipients. Method Qualitative methods were used to analyze postintervention interviews with 11 participants and their legacy recipients as well as the created legacy projects. Direct content analysis was used to assess feedback from the interviews about benefits, barriers, and recommendations regarding abbreviated DT. The legacy projects were coded for expression of core values. Result Findings suggest that abbreviated DT effectively promotes (1) self-expression, (2) connection with loved ones, (3) sense of purpose, and (4) continuity of self. Participants observed that leading the development of their legacy projects promoted independent reflection, autonomy, and opportunities for family interaction when reviewing and discussing the projects. Consistent with traditional DT, participants expressed “family” as the most common core value in their legacy projects. Expression of “autonomy” was also a notable finding. Significance of results Abbreviated DT reduces resource barriers to conducting traditional DT while promoting similar benefits for participants and recipients, making it a promising adaptation warranting further research. The importance that patients place on family and autonomy should be honored as much as possible by those caring for adults with advanced-stage cancer.
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    Academic Freedom and University Autonomy: A comparative analysis of the Turkish higher education system
    (2011-03-10) Norris, Kristin E.
    The article provides an overview of the faculty profession in less developed countries including academic appointments and the tenure system, discusses issues related to academic freedom and autonomy of work, then discusses the influence of these factors in the Turkish higher education system.
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    Adding Natural Frequency Data to a Decision Aid for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Results of a Randomized Trial
    (2013-10-22) Schwartz, Peter H.; Muriello, Paul F.; Perkins, Susan M.; Schmidt, Karen K.; Rawl, Susan M.
    Guidelines recommend that decision aids provide natural frequency data regarding baseline risk, risk reduction, and chances of false positives and negatives. Such quantitative information may confuse patients, especially those with low numeracy. We conducted a randomized trial to compare effects of 2 colorectal cancer (CRC) screening decision aids—one with and one without natural frequency data.
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    Adult Literacy in Indiana
    (H.W. Wilson Company, 2006) Diesman, Julie; Moffett, Paul; Thomas, Amie; Twigg, Michael
    Mary McLeod Bethune, an African-American educator and adviser to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt, has been quoted as having said, "The whole world opened to me when I learned to read." Unfortunately for many in Indiana, the "whole world" may be closed to them because of illiteracy. According to the Indiana Adult Literacy Coalition in 1989, 12% to 19% of Hoosiers over age 25 could not read or write at a functional level. As early as 1930, illiteracy was recognized as an issue within the state. An article in the Indinapolis Star dated September 25, 1930, headlined that over 50,000 Hoosiers were illiterate ("52,034 in state," 1939). It is natural to assume that at some point Indiana developed a robust statewide initiative to address the problem of illiteracy amongst its citizens. One might imagine a program that over time slowly but surely reduced the number of Indiana citizens who struggled under the mantle of illiteracy; however, myriad reasons and circumstances have conspired to prevent that from happening. Instead of a forceful statewide program, numerous segmented efforts by local or regional entities with modest support from various federal, state, or non-profit organizations are more apt to be found.
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    Ahimsa and Karma - Principles of Peace Struggle
    (2013-09-21) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"
    Transcript of the extemporaneous speech titled Ahimsa and Karma – Principles for Peace Struggle given by Perfecto `Boyet´ Caparas during the commemoration of the UN-declared International Day of Peace, held at the City Market West Plaza, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, on Saturday, 21 September 2013.
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    Arroyo Deserves Blame for Violating Children's Rights
    (2004-07) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"
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    The Art of Diabetes Prevention Education in Youth
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Pike, Julie; Smith, Lisa; Clapp, Sarah; Hannon, Tamara S.; Kester, Laura; Lynch, Dustin; Kuhstoss, Courtney; Sanematsu, Helen
    Background: The obesity epidemic has led to an increase in type 2 diabetes as well as the precursor condition “prediabetes.” Prediabetes is defined as blood glucose or hemoglobin A1c levels higher than normal, but not high enough for diabetes. Approximately 30% of obese adolescents in the U.S. have prediabetes. Youth with prediabetes have significantly increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Literature demonstrates the significant impact of modest weight loss and physical activity on the prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes. Education on diabetes risk and initiation of lifestyle change is the primary treatment modality. Materials are needed to more effectively educate youth on diabetes progression and risk reduction while using consistent information from evidence-based behavior change methods. Objective: The Youth Diabetes Prevention Clinic is collaborating with the Herron School of Art and Design and a professional design firm to develop an effective tool for communicating the importance of preventing type 2 diabetes while using adolescent-friendly language, visually exciting graphics and relevant messaging. Methods: The team consists of physicians who specialize in adolescent diabetes, a registered dietician, health educators, and graphic design professionals. The project is being completed in four phases: exploration, design, analysis, and refinement. Results: Exploration: The design professionals conducted key personnel interviews and a clinic site visit to determine the appropriate product design. Design: A 16-page booklet was created to incorporate the use of age-appropriate graphics, medical language in lay terms, and cohesive messaging in one package. Analysis: Usability will be measured through user-group testing, key personnel interviews, pre and post knowledge assessments and readiness to change scales. Refinement: Messaging will be revised based on analytical findings. Conclusions: This collaboration exemplifies the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach in the development of patient-centered education materials and provides a framework for others when developing age-specific health communication strategies.
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    An Arts-Based Educational Exhibit on Menopausal Hot Flashes
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2019) Carpenter, Janet S.; Kesling, Mark; Schmidt, Karen K.; School of Nursing
    Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the development process, science, and symbolism of an arts-based educational exhibit designed to address myths, misinformation, negative imagery, and use of unproven treatments related to menopausal hot flashes. Methods: The development process included iterative and informal feedback from a variety of individuals, a partnership with an experienced exhibit designer, and collaborations between artists and scientists. Results: The resulting exhibit creates an environment where the public is immersed in accurate information about hot flashes. Although based on an iterative process, the resulting exhibit content reflects an estimated 500+ scientific studies, including those referenced in The North American Menopause Society position statements on hormone and nonhormone management of hot flashes. The seven main exhibit pieces convey scientific information and symbolize various aspects of women's experiences. Conclusions: This innovative exhibit has high potential to be a disruptive innovation to address the preponderance of myths, misinformation, and negative imagery surrounding menopausal hot flashes and potentially decrease the use of unproven therapies.