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Item Incorporating Sub-National Brazilian Agricultural Production and Land-Use into U.S. Biofuel Policy Evaluation(Oxford, 2019-01) Carriquiry, Miguel; Elobeid, Amani; Dumortier, Jerome; Goodrich, Ryan; School of Public and Environmental AffairsWe estimate emissions from indirect land-use change associated with U.S. corn ethanol production by using the updated Center for Agricultural and Rural Development/Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute global agricultural outlook model, which incorporates sub-national land-use modeling in Brazil and endogenous crop yield-price relationships. Emissions estimates range between 9.7–23.9 g CO2 per mega Joule (MJ−1), which is consistent with other estimates. We compare the results of the current model to the 2008 model version. Using the data from the 2016 model in the 2008 model results in emissions that range from 23.2–32.2 g CO2 MJ−1. The addition of detailed modelling in Brazil, for example, double-cropping, reduced estimates considerably and highlights the importance of continuous improvements in global agricultural models.Item The Indianapolis Wholesale District: A Regionally Significant Business Center(2012) Giacomelli, Angela Marie; Monroe, Elizabeth Brand, 1947-; Morgan, Anita A.; Robertson, Nancy Marie, 1956-During the latter half of the nineteenth and in the early twentieth century, the Indianapolis Wholesale District (IWD) operated as a local and regional commercial hub. Analysis of the IWD’s relationship with the railroad network in Indiana points to a widening of trade, yet regional focus due to transportation restrictions. The growth and subsequent specialization of wholesale trading in the district catered to primarily local and regional audiences. Examining the physical presence of the IWD in downtown Indianapolis uncovers the built environment of a midwestern business district. This research project argues for the local and regional significance of the Indianapolis Wholesale District. Additionally, this thesis demonstrates the need to pursue the overlap in specialization, the morphology of warehouses, and transportation development to understand a business district as part of a larger process of American economic development.Item Medieval and Early Modern Marketplaces: Sites of Contacts, Trade and Religious Activities(Cambridge, 2017) Ylimaunu, Timo; Haggrén, Georg; Nurmi, Risto; Mullins, Paul R.