Browsing by Subject "international trade"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Indiana’s Outlook for 2023
    (IBRC Kelley, 2022) Brewer, Ryan M.; Mohler, Steven H.; IUPUC Business
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    Interactions Between U.S. Vehicle Electrification, Climate Change, and Global Agricultural Markets
    (Springer, 2023-01) Dumortier, Jerome; Carriquiry, Miguel; Elobeid, Amani; School of Public and Environmental Affairs
    Future agricultural production is influenced by climate change and changes in policies and behavior, such as the proliferation of battery electric vehicles (BEV). For the United States (U.S.), the influence of the latter is more pronounced due to the size of the U.S. biofuel industry. Using a global agricultural trade model and different climate change pathways until 2050, we show that global commodity price increases triggered by declining yields due to climate change are dampened by an accelerated increase of U.S. BEV sales, which decrease maize ethanol demand. Accelerated BEV sales also reduce cropland requirements compared to baseline electrification scenarios. The accelerated market share of BEVs also (1) lowers the decrease in caloric intake for maize, rice, and wheat which has important food security implications in the presence of climate change and (2) changes trade relationships. The implications of those findings are that policy discussions surrounding policies to promote BEVs should include lower commodity prices and increased food security that dampen some of the negative effects of climate change. Those are additional benefits besides the direct emissions reduction (assuming low-or no-carbon electricity production) from reducing vehicles with internal combustion engines.
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    Trade and Intellectual Property
    (2012) Emmert, Frank
    The paper is the final chapter of a textbook on WTO Law published by Law Press, Beijing, in 2012. The textbook contains multiple chapters on more basic aspects of WTO Law in Chinese. Some of the more advanced chapters are reproduced in English and Chinese. Finally, the present chapter appears only in English. The goal of the textbook is to familiarize Chinese upper level law students not only with WTO Law but also with the English terminology. In line with this overall goal, the present chapter first provides an easily accessible introduction to the desirable promotion of innovation via intellectual property rights on the one hand, and the undesirable barriers to international trade created by nationally determined intellectual property rights on the other hand. The chapter then proceeds with an examination of a number of WIPO agreements as early forms of international agreements designed to reduce barriers to trade while maintaining the promotion of innovation. It points out the main weaknesses of WIPO and the consequential desire to develop a stronger mechanism for international protection of intellectual property in the framework of the WTO. Finally, the TRIPS Agreements is analyzed for its ability to provide universal filing priority, universal recognition of minimum substantive standards for all major intellectual property rights, and universal enforceability of those rights. Although primarily addressed to Chinese students of international trade law, the chapter should benefit all readers seeking an accessible and reasonably short introduction to intellectual property rights in the context of international trade.