Browsing by Subject "food security"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Global synthesis of drought effects on food legume production
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Daryanto, Stefani; Wang, Lixin; Jacinthe, Pierre-André
    Food legume crops play important roles in conservation farming systems, contribute to human nutrition and food security, yet in many regions of the world, their production has been adversely affected by drought. Currently, it remains unclear how the effects drought co-vary with legume species, soil texture, agroclimatic region, drought timing and intensity. To address these uncertainties, we collected literature data (1705 data points, averaged into 676 data points) between 1980 and 2014 that reported monoculture legume yield responses to drought under field conditions and analyzed this extensive data set using metaanalysis techniques. We performed unweighted analysis using the log response ratio (lnR) to calculate the bootstrapped confidence limits of those responses for each potential factor. Our results indicated that the amount of water reduction was positively related with yield reduction, but the extent of the impact varied with legume species and the phenological state during which drought occurred. Overall, field pea (Pisum sativum), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) were found to experience lower yield reduction due to drought compared to legumes such as lablab beans (Dolichos lablab) or black grams (Vigna mungo). Although yield reduction was generally greater when legumes experienced drought during their reproductive stage compared to during their vegetative stage, legumes were sensitive to drought at all growth stages. Legumes planted in medium-textured soils also exhibited greater yield reduction compared to those planted in coarse- or fine-textured soils. In contrast, regions and their associated climatic factors were less associated with legume yield reduction. The study provides useful insights for legume agricultural planning and the direction of potential development of drought-resistant legume species to improve food security in the drought-prone regions of the world.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Report of the Panel of Eminent Experts on Ethics in Food and Agriculture
    (2001) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Discusses the ethical issues of food production, including genetically modified foods.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education Improves Food Security Independent of Food Assistance and Program Characteristics
    (MDPI, 2020-08-29) Eicher-Miller, Heather A.; Rivera, Rebecca L.; Sun, Hanxi; Zhang, Yumin; Maulding, Melissa K.; Abbott, Angela R.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The purpose of this project was to determine whether consistent food assistance program participation or changes in participation over time mediated or moderated the effect of federal nutrition education through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) on food security and determine the associations of SNAP-Ed program delivery characteristics with change in food security. This secondary analysis used data from a randomized controlled trial from September 2013 through April 2015. SNAP-Ed-eligible participants (n = 328; ≥18 years) in households with children were recruited from 39 counties in Indiana, USA. The dependent variable was one year change in household food security score measured using the United States Household Food Security Survey Module. Assessment of mediation used Barron-Kenny analysis and moderation used interactions of food assistance program use and changes over time with treatment group in general linear regression modeling. Program delivery characteristics were investigated using mixed linear regression modeling. Results showed that neither consistent participation nor changes in food assistance program participation over time mediated nor moderated the effect of SNAP-Ed on food security and neither were SNAP-Ed program delivery characteristics associated with change in food security over the one year study period. SNAP-Ed directly improved food security among SNAP-Ed-eligible Indiana households with children regardless of food assistance program participation and changes over time or varying program delivery characteristics.