Browsing by Subject "environment"
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Item Association Between Residential Greenness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk(Wiley, 2018-12-05) Yeager, Ray; Riggs, Daniel W.; DeJarnett, Natasha; Tollerud, David J.; Wilson, Jeffrey S.; Conklin, Daniel J.; O'Toole, Timothy E.; McCracken, James; Lorkiewicz, Pawel; Xie, Zhengzhi; Zafar, Nagma; Krishnasamy, Sathya S.; Srivastava, Sanjay; Finch, Jordan; Keith, Rachel J.; DeFilippis, Andrew; Rai, Shesh N.; Liu, Gilbert; Bhatnagar, Aruni; Department of Geography, School of Liberal ArtsBackground Exposure to green vegetation has been linked to positive health, but the pathophysiological processes affected by exposure to vegetation remain unclear. To study the relationship between greenness and cardiovascular disease, we examined the association between residential greenness and biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and disease risk in susceptible individuals. Methods and Results In this cross‐sectional study of 408 individuals recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic, we measured biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and risk in participant blood and urine. We estimated greenness from satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in zones with radii of 250 m and 1 km surrounding the participants’ residences. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between greenness and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. We adjusted for residential clustering, demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. In fully adjusted models, contemporaneous NDVI within 250 m of participant residence was inversely associated with urinary levels of epinephrine (−6.9%; 95% confidence interval, −11.5, −2.0/0.1 NDVI) and F2‐isoprostane (−9.0%; 95% confidence interval, −15.1, −2.5/0.1 NDVI). We found stronger associations between NDVI and urinary epinephrine in women, those not on β‐blockers, and those who had not previously experienced a myocardial infarction. Of the 15 subtypes of circulating angiogenic cells examined, 11 were inversely associated (8.0–15.6% decrease/0.1 NDVI), whereas 2 were positively associated (37.6–45.8% increase/0.1 NDVI) with contemporaneous NDVI. Conclusions Independent of age, sex, race, smoking status, neighborhood deprivation, statin use, and roadway exposure, residential greenness is associated with lower levels of sympathetic activation, reduced oxidative stress, and higher angiogenic capacity.Item Five Minute Shower(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2010-04-09) Teague, AndrewA cost-minimalization look at taking a shower. This study weighs the environmental and economic against the enjoyment of taking a shower under many different scenarios.Item Gene × environment interaction by a longitudinal epigenome-wide association study (LEWAS) overcomes limitations of genome-wide association study (GWAS)(Future Medicine Ltd., 2012-12) Lahiri, Debomoy K.; Maloney, Bryan; Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineThe goal of genome-wide association studies is to identify SNPs unique to disease. It usually involves a single sampling from subjects' lifetimes. While primary DNA sequence variation influences gene-expression levels, expression is also influenced by epigenetics, including the ‘somatic epitype’ (GSE), an epigenotype acquired postnatally. While genes are inherited, and novel polymorphisms do not routinely appear, GSE is fluid. Furthermore, GSE could respond to environmental factors (such as heavy metals) and to differences in exercise, maternal care and dietary supplements – all of which postnatally modify oxidation or methylation of DNA, leading to altered gene expression. Change in epigenetic status may be critical for the development of many diseases. We propose a ‘longitudinal epigenome-wide association study’, wherein GSE are measured at multiple time points along with subjects' histories. This Longitudinal epigenome-wide association study, based on the ‘dynamic’ somatic epitype over the ‘static’ genotype, merits further investigation.Item Genetically engineered foods: environmental safety of genetically engineered crops(Cornell University, 2002) Genetically Engineered Organisms Public Issues Education Project"Several environmental safety issues are associated with genetically engineered (GE) crops. This fact sheet explores some of the more commonly discussed issues related to the environmental impact of GE crops."Item Genetically modified organisms, consumers, food safety and the environment(2001) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsDiscusses the ethical issues of genetically-engineered foods with respect to consumer health, the food supply, and the environment.Item The Giving Environment: Understanding Pre-Pandemic Trends in Charitable Giving(2021-07-27) Osili, Una; Zarins, Sasha; Han, XiaoCharitable giving reached an all-time high in 2020 with Americans donating $471 billion. This includes an adjustment of over $4 billion for COVID-19 relief and racial justice giving on top of what would normally be expected for those types of causes in 2020. However, in order to better understand these trends, we need to better understand the landscape of philanthropy before the onset of the pandemic and the increased awareness of social and racial justice issues.Item Global Philanthropy Environment Index data visualizations(2018) IU Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyItem Global Philanthropy Environment Index executive summary(2018) IU Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyThe Global Philanthropy Environment Index executive summaryItem Infrastructure, Separation, and Inequality: The Streets of Indianapolis Between 1890 and 1930(2008) Reichard, Ruth Diane; Coleman, Annie Gilbert; Barrows, Robert G.; Kelly, Jason M.Between 1890 and 1930 in the city of Indianapolis, people in charge made certain decisions regarding infrastructure—the character and condition of streets and sidewalks, the provision of sewer services and garbage collection, the location of the city’s dump, and the placement of the city’s sewage treatment plant—that resulted in long-term health and safety consequences. In Indianapolis, as in most modern American cities, some neighborhoods are less healthy for their inhabitants than others. The least healthy neighborhoods—those with the highest rates of cancer, for example—are situated on the city’s southwest side. The southwest side of Indianapolis is also the location of the landfill, the sewage treatment plant, and much heavy industry. The entire city is at the mercy of an ill-designed sewer system, a system that taxpayers are spending millions annually to repair. The years from 1890 to 1930 saw the genesis of this state of affairs. In the city of Indianapolis since 1890, infrastructure has separated people from nature and from each other on two levels: its operational level, wherein it was an objective entity that performed according to its design, and its subjective level, where it operated as a social and hygienic barrier. Streets, curbs, sewers, and sidewalks are useful and necessary elements of public health and safety. We both want and need these elements to ensure our separation from things that are dangerous, such as speeding cars and contaminated water. When government officials exercise power to declare what parts of the city street are accessible to whom, or which neighborhoods will have a wastewater treatment plant, a landfill, or heavy industry nearby, infrastructure can work to separate people.