Browsing by Subject "Selection"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Donor heart selection: Evidence-based guidelines for providers
    (Elsevier, 2023) Copeland, Hannah; Knezevic, Ivan; Baran, David A.; Rao, Vivek; Pham, Michael; Gustafsson, Finn; Pinney, Sean; Lima, Brian; Masetti, Marco; Ciarka, Agnieszka; Rajagopalan, Navin; Torres, Adriana; Hsich, Eileen; Patel, Jignesh K.; Adams Goldraich, Livia; Colvin, Monica; Segovia, Javier; Ross, Heather; Ginwalla, Mahazarin; Sharif-Kashani, Babak; Farr, MaryJane A.; Potena, Luciano; Kobashigawa, Jon; Crespo-Leiro, Maria G.; Altman, Natasha; Wagner, Florian; Cook, Jennifer; Stosor, Valentina; Grossi, Paolo A.; Khush, Kiran; Yagdi, Tahir; Restaino, Susan; Tsui, Steven; Absi, Daniel; Sokos, George; Zuckermann, Andreas; Wayda, Brian; Felius, Joost; Hall, Shelley A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The proposed donor heart selection guidelines provide evidence-based and expert-consensus recommendations for the selection of donor hearts following brain death. These recommendations were compiled by an international panel of experts based on an extensive literature review.
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    Ethical Staffing in the COVID-19 Digital Age: Are a New Set of Ethical Practices Needed to Guide Selection?
    (IGI Global, 2022) Jones, Kevin; Saba, Nazish; IUPUC Business
    In this chapter, the authors discuss ethical hiring practices in the digital age and argue for the necessity of ethical hiring processes. An examination of hiring before and during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the increased use of digital technologies to aid the ethical hiring process. A particular focus is on the increased use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to aid in screening and selection. The authors investigate unethical hiring practices, showing the potential adverse outcomes which may result. They conclude the chapter with a model and a set of guidelines to illustrate the components that enable ethical hiring processes and incorporate the use of AI.
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    Gender stereotypes and selection disparity: an investigation of the theories which explain gender disparity
    (2015-07-07) Spice, Laura M.; Ashburn-Nardo, Leslie; Williams, Jane R.; Stockdale, Peggy S.
    While gender equality in the workplace is slowly improving, discrimination still exists. Past research has shown that women are underrepresented in both high status jobs, as well as stereotypically masculine careers. Two theories which explain gender discrimination –Lack of Fit Theory and Status Incongruence Hypothesis—have been widely supported but are rarely researched simultaneously. In this study participants rated hypothetical male and female job candidates applying to a hypothetical job that was either high status or low status, and in masculine domain or a feminine domain. Neither Lack of Fit nor Status Incongruence Hypothesis were fully supported. However, participants rated candidates applying for jobs in the feminine domain as less competent, hireable, and likeable. Participants also found high status candidates less hireable than low status candidates. These results suggest that within this study gender discrimination was more specific than robust, meaning research design should allow for detection of such nuanced discrimination.
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    Hypobaric hypoxia drives selection of altitude-associated adaptative alleles in the Himalayan population
    (Elsevier, 2024) Sharma, Samantha; Koshy, Remya; Kumar, Rahul; Mohammad, Ghulam; Thinlas, Tashi; Graham, Brian B.; Pasha, Qadar; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine
    Genetic variants play a crucial role in shaping the adaptive phenotypes associated with high-altitude populations. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the specific impacts of different environments associated with increasing altitudes on the natural selection of these genetic variants remains undetermined. Hence, this study aimed to identify genetic markers responsible for high-altitude adaptation with specific reference to different altitudes, majorly focussing on an altitude elevation range of ∼1500 m and a corresponding decrease of ≥5 % in ambient oxygen availability. We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide investigation (n = 192) followed by a validation study (n = 514) in low-altitude and three high-altitude populations (>2400 m) of Nubra village (NU) (3048 m), Sakti village (SKT) (3812 m), and Tso Moriri village (TK) (4522 m). Extensive genetic analysis identified 86 SNPs that showed significant associations with high-altitude adaptation. Frequency mapping of these SNPs revealed 38 adaptive alleles and specific haplotypes that exhibited a strong linear correlation with increasing altitude. Notably, these SNPs spanned crucial genes, such as ADH6 and NAPG along with the vastly studied genes like EGLN1 and EPAS1, involved in oxygen sensing, metabolism, and vascular homeostasis. Correlation analyses between these adaptive alleles and relevant clinical and biochemical markers provided evidence of their functional relevance in physiological adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia. High-altitude population showed a significant increase in plasma 8-isoPGF2α levels as compared to low-altitude population. Similar observation showcased increased blood pressure in NU as compared to TK (P < 0.0001). In silico analyses further confirmed that these alleles regulate gene expression of EGLN1, EPAS1, COQ7, NAPG, ADH6, DUOXA1 etc. This study provides genetic insights into the effects of hypobaric-hypoxia on the clinico-physiological characteristics of natives living in increasing high-altitude regions. Overall, our findings highlight the synergistic relationship between environment and evolutionary processes, showcasing physiological implications of genetic variants in oxygen sensing and metabolic pathway genes in increasing high-altitude environments.
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    Short-Term Genetic Selection for Adolescent Locomotor Sensitivity to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
    (Springer Nature, 2018-05) Kasten, Chelsea R.; Zhang, Yanping; Mackie, Ken; Boehm, Stephen L., II; Psychology, School of Science
    Cannabis use is linked to positive and negative outcomes. Identifying genetic targets of susceptibility to the negative effects of cannabinoid use is of growing importance. The current study sought to complete short-term selective breeding for adolescent sensitivity and resistance to the locomotor effects of a single 10 mg/kg THC dose in the open field. Selection for THC-locomotor sensitivity was moderately heritable, with the greatest estimates of heritability seen in females from the F2 to S3 generations. Selection for locomotor sensitivity also resulted in increased anxiety-like activity in the open field. These results are the first to indicate that adolescent THC-locomotor sensitivity can be influenced via selective breeding. Development of lines with a genetic predisposition for THC-sensitivity or resistance to locomotor effects allow for investigation of risk factors, differences in consequences of THC use, identification of correlated behavioral responses, and detection of genetic targets that may contribute to heightened cannabinoid sensitivity.