Browsing by Subject "Poverty"
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Item Communication: United Nations Human Rights Committee(2005) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"Communication to United Nations Human Rights Committee re the violation by the Philippine government of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, pursuant to the committee's individual complaint mechanism. Filed on the occasion of International Human Rights Day on 10 December 2005, as a culmination of struggle by Filipino street children and child prisoners, who originally sued then Philippine president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo before the Ombudsman on 10 December 2003 for human rights violations stated in this communication to the UN Human Rights Committee. Identity and identifying information of the children prisoner petitioners had been deleted.Item Community Conditions Favorable for Substance Abuse(The Center for Health Policy, 2018-04-01) Jacinto, Corey; Greene, Marion S.The probability of whether an individual engages in substance use is associated with several risk and protective factors. Effective prevention requires understanding these factors. The social-ecological model considers the complex interactions between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. This can help us understand substance use in a public health context and design strategies to address the problem across multiple levels.Item Community Conditions Favorable for Substance Use(The Center for Health Policy, 2018-04-01) Jacinto, Corey; Greene, Marion S.The probability of whether an individual engages in substance use is associated with several risk and protective factors. Effective prevention requires understanding these factors. The social-ecological model considers the complex interactions between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. This can help us understand substance use in a public health context and design strategies to address the problem across multiple levels.Item The Culture Of Poverty And Adult Education: Challenges And Lessons Learned(Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 2004) Perrin, Jean E.Abstract: This study explored the experiences of adult education students from poverty in a grant-funded project designed to train them in a quality early childhood education curriculum and the barriers and lessons learned from project beginning to implementation of the curriculum in their classrooms.Item DEAL Reflection Paper: Human Behavior in the Social Environment Theory(IUPUI ScholarWorks, 2019) Makki Alamdari, SaraThis DEAL (describe, examine, and articulate learning) reflection paper is to demonstrate my understanding of theoretical frameworks and their application in the context of agency in which I am placed. In addition to strengths-based approach, I selected ecological theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to explain the client system as well as practice in the agency. In this agency, I am involved in Family Strengthening program, and the main service is to address financial challenges and basic needs of clients.Item Haiti’s Emergency Management: A Case of Regional Support, Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations for the Future(FEMA, U.S. Department of Homeland Security: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/CompEmMgmtBookProject.asp, 2012) Fordyce, Erin; Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem; Chikoto, Grace L.As one of the poorest nations in the Western Hemisphere (with over 70 percent of the population living on less than $2 a day) (Grunewald et al. 2010), one wonders about the state of the Haitian Emergency Management System prior to the 2010 earthquake. Clearly, Haiti has been an economically-challenged nation for decades and its protracted poverty level further increases its vulnerability to disasters (PAHO 1994) and impacts its ability to respond and recover effectively when disasters occur. In addition, political instabilities have led to poor economic development opportunities and increased risks. In spite of Haiti’s economic and political challenges, it is possible to gain insight into what the country’s emergency management system looked like before the 2010 earthquake. Haiti had a fledgling national emergency management system in place - one that was heavily supported by both regional and international bodies. The earthquake of January 12, 2010, however, underscores the need for a better disaster reduction and response program, one that would address the underlying and protracted vulnerabilities of Haiti, while ushering in new winds of change that would pump fresh blood into the veins of the emergency management system. This chapter reviews the history of Haiti, including its demography and geography, and examines the hazards and factors contributing to the nation’s vulnerability to disasters. Furthermore, this chapter discusses some past disasters, Haiti’s emergency management system as well as the opportunities and the challenges confronting the system. We conclude by offering some recommendations for improving Haiti’s abilities to deal with disasters.Item Health insurance coverage and poverty status of postpartum women in the United States in 2019: an ACS-PUMS population-based cross-sectional study(Springer Nature, 2023-11-08) Seo, Bojung; Turman, Jack Edward; Nan, Hongmei; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthBackground: A quarter of United States (US) postpartum women still report unmet health care needs and health care unaffordability. We aimed to study associations between receipt of health insurance coverage and poverty status/receipt of government financial support and determine coverage gaps overall and by social factors among US postpartum women in poverty. Methods: This study design is a cross-sectional study using secondary data. We included women who gave birth within the last 12 months from 2019 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample. Poverty was defined as having an income-to-poverty ratio of less than 100%. We explored Medicaid/government medical assistance gaps among women in poverty. To examine the associations between Medicaid/government medical assistance (exposures) and poverty/government financial support (outcomes), we used age-, race-, and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. We also evaluated the associations of state, race, citizenship status, or language other than English spoken at home (exposures) with receipt of Medicaid/government medical assistance (outcomes) among women in poverty through multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results: It was notable that 35.6% of US postpartum women in poverty did not have Medicaid/government medical assistance and only a small proportion received public assistance income (9.8%)/supplementary security income (3.1%). Women with Medicaid/government medical assistance, compared with those without the coverage, had statistically significantly higher odds of poverty [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.85-3.48], having public assistance income (aOR: 24.52 [95% CI: 17.31-34.73]), or having supplementary security income (aOR: 4.22 [95% CI: 2.81-6.36]). Also, among postpartum women in poverty, women in states that had not expanded Medicaid, those of Asian or other race, non-US citizens, and those speaking another language had statistically significantly higher odds of not receiving Medicaid/government medical assistance [aORs (95% CIs): 2.93 (2.55-3.37); 1.30 (1.04-1.63); 3.65 (3.05-4.38); and 2.08 (1.86-2.32), respectively]. Conclusions: Our results showed that the receipt of Medicaid/government medical assistance is significantly associated with poverty and having government financial support. However, postpartum women in poverty still had Medicaid/government medical assistance gaps, especially those who lived in states that had not expanded Medicaid, those of Asian or other races, non-US citizens, and other language speakers.Item Implementation of a pharmacogenomics consult service to support the INGENIOUS trial(Wiley, 2016-07) Eadon, M.T.; Desta, Z.; Levy, K.D.; Decker, B.S.; Pierson, R.C.; Pratt, V.M.; Callaghan, J.T.; Rosenman, M.B.; Carpenter, J.S.; Holmes, A.M.; McDonald, C.A.; Benson, E.A.; Patil, A.S.; Vuppalanchi, R.; Gufford, B.T.; Dave, N.; Robarge, J.D.; Hyder, M.A.; Haas, D.M.; Kreutz, R.P.; Dexter, P.R.; Skaar, Todd C.; Flockhart, D.A.; Medicine, School of MedicineHospital systems increasingly utilize pharmacogenomic testing to inform clinical prescribing. Successful implementation efforts have been modeled at many academic centers. In contrast, this report provides insights into the formation of a pharmacogenomics consultation service at a safety-net hospital, which predominantly serves low-income, uninsured, and vulnerable populations. The report describes the INdiana GENomics Implementation: an Opportunity for the UnderServed (INGENIOUS) trial and addresses concerns of adjudication, credentialing, and funding.Item In the Crosshairs: How Systemic Racism Compelled Interstate Development Through Black Neighborhoods(2020-12) Townsend, Andrew L.; Scarpino, Phillip V.; Wokeck, Marianne S.; Mullins, Paul R.I present this thesis in two parts. The first is composed of a 35:41-minute documentary film entitled In the Crosshairs: how systemic racism compelled interstate development through Black neighborhoods. Accompanying it is this written essay that outlines my position and provides citations linking evidence to argument. Each component serves a different master. While the essay is intended for an academic reader, the film is intended for a general audience. Each component advances the argument. As a result of systemic racism, minority neighborhoods in Indianapolis have been devalued over time and, therefore, their residents have been left disproportionally vulnerable to displacement from federal interstate highway construction. They were vulnerable because their property was assessed as less valuable than surrounding land. Also, they lacked the political clout to resist “urban development”. Furthermore, their vulnerability was socially constructed. It never occurred to me that my place in society was arranged to my advantage. I didn’t feel advantaged in any way. Everybody I knew was like me or better than me, it seemed. As I matured, I learned that history is subjective and my world is only a small slice of history. I had never considered my whiteness an advantage. In truth, my situation has been shaped by a myriad of forces that were socially constructed. I discovered that the definition of “white” is fluid but, throughout history, has had an enormous impact on how people are treated. The following is a deep dive into what I discovered when I examined only one aspect of how race impacted the advantages I enjoyed simply because my parents were deemed sufficiently “white.”