Browsing by Subject "Planning"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Beyond Food Deserts: Assessing the Impact of Public Transit Availability Change on Spatial Access to Food
    (2021-03) Katz, Brandon P.; Wilson, Jeffrey S.; Johnson, Daniel P.; Thapa, Bhuwan; Dwyer, Owen J., III
    Food access is a dimension of food security that many struggle with even in high- income countries, which is a contributing factor to chronic diet-related disease. Inequalities in economic access to food has been addressed in public policy for several decades, but spatial access to food has only been seriously studied and addressed by policy for the past twenty-five years. After the food desert metaphor emerged, it was promptly accepted as a standard measure of food access for governments and a basis for policies created to address inequalities. Conceptual criticisms and methodological limitations of the metaphor have led the study of spatial access to food towards newer methods that measure food access more realistically and assist in the development and assessment of intervention strategies to inform policy decisions. This thesis describes the history of the food desert metaphor from its emergence until its adoption in US public policy, the conceptual criticisms and methodological limitations that surround it, and offers an analysis that measures the impact of change in the availability of public transportation on spatial access to food for various population subgroups that are more at risk of food insecurity in Marion County, Indiana. Results demonstrate that policies and plans designed without consideration for food access have an impact on it nevertheless, and that policymakers and planners can leverage such strategies to better coordinate efforts across government to reduce inequalities in spatial access to food and food insecurity overall.
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    Design Thinking as a Strategic Planning Tool for Adapted Physical Activity Programs within a University Setting
    (Sagamore, 2018-11-08) Larken Marra, Rebecca; Stanton-Nichols, Kathleen; Hong, Youngbok; Gottschild, Kim; Pirzadeh, Iman; Stamatis, Stephany; Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences
    As a community-campus partnership, the adapted physical activity programs at Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis used design thinking as a method for strategic planning to assist in expanding and developing community-based programming. In partnering with the Design thinking graduate program at Herron School of Art and Design, the Adapted Physical Activity Clinics collaborated on the participatory research project using the design thinking process framework over 16 weeks. By the end of the strategic planning process, the programs determined a sustainable mission and vision. Design thinking also revealed the benefits that the programs and their future opportunities hold, not only to the families served, but also to undergraduate students participating in service learning.
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    Haiti’s Emergency Management: A Case of Regional Support, Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations for the Future
    (FEMA, U.S. Department of Homeland Security: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/CompEmMgmtBookProject.asp, 2012) Fordyce, Erin; Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem; Chikoto, Grace L.
    As one of the poorest nations in the Western Hemisphere (with over 70 percent of the population living on less than $2 a day) (Grunewald et al. 2010), one wonders about the state of the Haitian Emergency Management System prior to the 2010 earthquake. Clearly, Haiti has been an economically-challenged nation for decades and its protracted poverty level further increases its vulnerability to disasters (PAHO 1994) and impacts its ability to respond and recover effectively when disasters occur. In addition, political instabilities have led to poor economic development opportunities and increased risks. In spite of Haiti’s economic and political challenges, it is possible to gain insight into what the country’s emergency management system looked like before the 2010 earthquake. Haiti had a fledgling national emergency management system in place - one that was heavily supported by both regional and international bodies. The earthquake of January 12, 2010, however, underscores the need for a better disaster reduction and response program, one that would address the underlying and protracted vulnerabilities of Haiti, while ushering in new winds of change that would pump fresh blood into the veins of the emergency management system. This chapter reviews the history of Haiti, including its demography and geography, and examines the hazards and factors contributing to the nation’s vulnerability to disasters. Furthermore, this chapter discusses some past disasters, Haiti’s emergency management system as well as the opportunities and the challenges confronting the system. We conclude by offering some recommendations for improving Haiti’s abilities to deal with disasters.
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    A Look at Nigeria’s Bourgeoning Emergency Management System: Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations for Improvement
    (FEMA, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 2012. Available from: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/CompEmMgmtBookProject.asp, 2012) Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem
    Emergency management in Nigeria, a country once known as the Giant of Africa, is in its infancy. Although organized responses to disasters date back to the early 1900s when the Fire Brigade was in charge of putting out fires, protecting properties, and helping communities respond to disasters, a comprehensive approach to emergency management only began in 1999. However, since then, Nigeria’s emergency management system has undergone tremendous changes. These include better organizational structure, more funding, curriculum development in emergency management education programs, increased training of emergency personnel, and more collaboration with other countries on emergency management issues. Nevertheless, this bourgeoning disaster management system still has a long way to go and faces innumerable challenges, including poverty, lack of funding for emergency management programs, and marginalization, among many others. This chapter examines the history of Nigeria, including its demography and geography, and takes a look at the factors contributing to vulnerability to disasters and hazards in Nigeria. In addition, this chapter discusses some past disasters as well as the opportunities and the challenges facing Nigeria’s emergency management system. This chapter concludes with recommendations for improving Nigeria’s emergency management system.
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    Zimbabwe’s Emergency Management System: A Promising Development
    (FEMA, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/CompEmMgmtBookProject.asp, 2012) Chikoto, Grace L.; Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem
    Zimbabwe’s encounter with droughts, in particular, combined with economic and political challenges, has denigrated the country’s former status as the “breadbasket of Southern Africa” (Hunter-Gault 2006; Maphosa 1994; Swarns 2002). Zimbabwe is particularly prone to a number of natural and man-made hazards such as droughts, floods, veld fires, storms (PreventionWeb 2012), and HIV/AIDS (United Nations Development Programme 2010) among other epidemics. Between 1980 and 2010, PreventionWeb (2012) documented 35 natural disaster events, which resulted in 6,448 deaths, averaging 208 deaths from disasters annually. Of the 35 natural disasters, 6 were drought occurrences, 7 were floods, 2 were storms, and 20 were epidemic occurrences. Chikoto (2004) 1 also counted the number of public transportation disasters that plagued Zimbabwe between 1982 and 2003, which claimed over 700 lives and injured over 400 people. To mitigate and prepare for these and other hazards facing Zimbabwe, the Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) created the Department of Civil Protection and charged it with the onus of coordinating and managing disasters and reducing hazards. This chapter traces the history of Zimbabwe’s emergency management system, with a focus on the factors contributing to the nation’s vulnerability to disasters and hazards. In addition to tracing the impact of past disasters, the chapter also discusses some of the opportunities and challenges confronting the country’s emergency management system. The chapter concludes with recommendations for improving this system.