IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Subject "Pit and Fissure Sealants"

Browsing by Subject "Pit and Fissure Sealants"

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A clinical study of sealants polymerized with two different light sources
(2004) White, Marcia Stoddart; Avery, David R.; Platt, Jeffrey A., 1958-; Moore, B. Keith; Weddell, James A. (James Arthur), 1949-; Sanders, Brian J.; Matis, Bruce A.
This clinical study investigated the efficacy of the new LED LCU technology when compared to that of the QTH LCU by evaluating retention and wear of Clinpro (3M ESPE) sealant material over six months of function. This study was designed as a split mouth, randomized clinical study. Sealants were placed and polymerized on contralateral teeth of 35 patients, 33 of which successfully completed the study. The sealants were evaluated for clinical retention at baseline, three months, and six months by two evaluators. For the wear analysis, the area of the sealant wear at six months is reported. Nine pairs of molars and 22 pairs of premolar teeth were used. This sample size is smaller than the original sample used for clinical evaluation, because a number of the baseline impressions had to be discarded due to poor impression quality. Subsequent impressions were taken at three months, and six months. Epoxy replicas were made from the impressions and the occlusal surface of each replica was digitized using SigmaScan software. A cummulative legit model was applied to the clinical data, and a linear model was applied to the wear analysis. The results for clinical retention over the six months of function were as follows. At Baseline, for the QTH, 97.3 percent of the teeth received an Alpha score; 2.7 percent received a score of B. For the LED, 87.7 percent received a score of A; 12.3 percent received a score of B. At three months follow-up, for the QTH, 93.1 percent received a score of A; 6.9 percent received a score of B. For the LED, 86.1 percent received a score of A; 12.5 percent received a score of B, and 1.14 percent received a score of C. At six months follow-up, for QTH; 91.7 percent received a score of A; 8.3 percent received a score of B. For the LED, 83.3 percent received a score of A; 15.3 percent received a score of B, and 1.14 percent received a score of C. The hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference in clinical retention and wear of Clinpro's sealant polymerized with the QTH or the LED light sources over six months of function. Based on the results of this clinical study, the following conclusions can be made: 1) At baseline, Clinpro's sealant polymerized with QTH light source showed marginally significant better retention than LED light source (p-value 0.05001). 2) There was no significant difference between light sources for sealant clinical retention at three-month and six-month follow up visits. 3) Wear analysis resulted in marginally significant more wear for molar sealants polymerized with LED LCU (p-value 0.0755). 4) Wear analysis showed no significant difference for premolar sealants polymerized with either light source.
A comparison of hardness and abrasion resistance of two sealant materials after polymerization from different distances by different light sources
(2008) Ritchie, Craig D.; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Avery, David R.; Sanders, Brian J.; Weddell, James A. (James Arthur), 1949-; Platt, Jeffrey A., 1958-; Tomlin, Angela; Moore, B. Keith
BACKGROUND The efficacy of sealants to aid in the prevention of pit and fissure caries is well documented. In order for the sealants to be effective, they must be placed properly and retained for as long as possible. Clinicians must be aware that the proper placement of sealants is technique-sensitive and must be well controlled in order to achieve the best results. This study aims to determine if certain variables have an effect on curing of the sealant material to a degree that would compromise its integrity, strength, and longevity. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two commonly used sealant materials Ultraseal XT (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT) and Delton (Dentsply International, Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada) were chosen and tested for microhardness and abrasion resistance after they were polymerized. This study did not focus on the materials themselves, but rather the technique by which they were polymerized and what effect this had on the materials. Three separate light sources, a traditional halogen light (QHL 75, Dentsply International, Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada), and two newer LED lights (Ultralume LED, Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT; and 3M Freelight LED, 3M Corp, St Paul, MN) were used in this study. The materials were then cured with each light at each of three different distances: contact (0.5 mm), 2 mm, and 10 mm. The effects of light source variation and distance from the material at the time of polymerization was then evaluated for any significance to sealant placement technique. Specimens were tested for each variable combination of sealant material, light source, and distance between the two while curing. Six samples were tested for each variable grouping for abrasion resistance, and four separate san1ples were tested fron1 the san1e grouping for Knoop hardness. The results were analyzed for significance to determine if certain techniques are or could be beneficial or damaging to the quality of care provided by today's practitioners. RESULTS It was found that materials and light sources varied in combination and with different techniques (e.g., distance). In general, the top surface polymerized best when cured at a distance of 2 mm to 10 mm, while the bottom surface polymerized best at a distance of 0.5 mm. The halogen light consistently outperformed the two LED lights, with the 3M LED consistently producing the worst results. CONCLUSIONS The halogen curing light used in this study outperformed the LED lights in almost every category, despite the LED light manufacturer's claims of equality. For more reliable polymerization, the halogen light should be used. SIGNIFICANCE The practitioner must be aware of the material that he/she is using and how the chosen light source polymerizes that material. Manufacturers' claims and recommendations cannot be trusted to accurately produce the best results with every product on the market today, sometimes not even with the manufacturers' own products. It is crucial for practitioners to be well versed and knowledgeable about the products that they use, based on current research and not manufacturers' claims.
Effect of a chlorhexidine-encapsulated nanotube modified pit-and-fissure sealant on oral biofilm
(J-STAGE, 2021-05) Feitosa, Sabrina; Carreiro, Adriana F. P.; Martins, Victor M.; Platt, Jeffrey A.; Duarte, Simone; Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry
The purpose of this study was to characterize a chlorhexidine-encapsulated nanotube modified pit-and-fissure sealant for biofilm development prevention. HS (commercial control); HNT (HS+15wt%Halloysite®-clay-nanotube); CHX10% (HS+15wt% HNT-encapsulated with chlorhexidine 10%); and CHX20% (HS+15wt% HNT-encapsulated with CHX20%) were tested. Degree-of-conversion (DC%), Knoop hardness (KHN), and viscosity were analyzed. The ability of the sealant to wet the fissures was evaluated. Specimens were tested for zones of inhibition of microbial growth. S. mutans biofilm was tested by measuring recovered viability. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). DC% was significantly higher for the HNT-CHX groups. For KHN, CHX10% presented a lower mean value than the other groups. Adding HNT resulted in higher viscosity values. The biofilm on CHX10% and CHX20% sealants presented remarkable CFU/mL reduction in comparison to the HS. The experimental material was able to reduce the biofilm development in S. mutans biofilm without compromising the sealant properties.
The effect of pit and fissure morphology and sealant viscosity on sealant penetration and microleakage
(2017) Zawam, Omelkher Muftah; Soto, Armando E.; Hara, Anderson T.; Cook, Norman Blaine
Background: The ability of sealants to prevent caries is directly related to the sealant being retained in teeth. The longer the material remains bonded to the occlusal surface, the more protection it provides to the tooth. Objective: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the influence of pit and fissure morphologies and sealant viscosity on sealant penetration and micro-leakage. 82 Study Hypothesis: The low viscosity dental sealant will express better penetration ability and less microleakage in permanent molars with any pit and fissure morphology than the high viscosity sealant. Material and methods: Permanent extracted molars (n = 150) were distributed into two groups based on two types of sealant (high and low viscosity) Permanent extracted molars (n = 150) were selected using the International Caries Detection Assessment system (ICDAS) criteria 0-1. Teeth were stored in 0.1-percent thymol and distilled water. Teeth were assigned to three subgroups according to the fissure’s morphology. Enamel was etched with 35-percent phosphoric acid for 30 seconds; two different light cured sealants were placed, Group A: Delton and Group B: Ultra X Plus. Specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles between two water baths, having a 40°C temperature differential (4°C to 48°C). Teeth were coated with nail varnish and wax, except in the occlusal areas. All specimens were immersed in 1-percent methylene blue dye at 37°C for 24 hours. Specimens were sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction, and the sections were photographed and analyzed by a previously trained examiner for fissure morphology, sealant penetration, and microleakage using a standardized grading system. Data were entered and statistically analyzed, at the 5-percent significance level. Results: Viscosity of sealant and morphology of fissures had significant effects on sealant penetration (p < 0.001). The interaction between viscosity of sealant and morphology of fissures was not significant (p = 0.4236). The sealant penetration for Delton was significantly higher than the UltraSeal XT Plus (p < 0.0001). The sealant penetration for fissure I-type was significantly lower than fissures U and V-types (p < 0.0001). Sealant penetration for Y-type was significantly lower than U and V-types (p < 83 0.0001). However, the viscosity of sealant and morphology of fissures did not have significant effect on microleakage (p = 0.5891 and p = 0.4857). The interaction between the viscosity of the sealant material and the morphology of pit and fissures was not significant (p = 0.6657). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated the viscosity of the sealant and the morphology did not affect the microleakage. On the other hand, the viscosity of sealant affected the penetration ability of dental sealant. The low viscosity dental sealant (Delton) exhibited a better penetration than the high viscosity sealant (UltraSeal XT Plus). As the morphology of pit and fissure directly affected the penetration ability, the fissures types U and V exhibited a better penetration than fissure types Y and I.
Enamel conditioning effect on penetration and microleakage of glass ionemer-based sealants
(2009) Ahmed, Senan Raad; Cabezas, Carlos Gonzales; Chu, Tien-Min Gabriel; Fontana, Margherita Ruth, 1966-; Matis, Bruce; Cochran, Michael
While most sealants available are resin-based, glass ionomer-based cements can be used as sealants, with the advantage of being more tolerant to moisture during placement and of releasing fluoride. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different fissure conditioning techniques on penetration and microleakage of glass ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGI) used as sealants. Clinically sound extracted human molars were distributed into nine experimental groups (n = 15 each). Group 1 (control) was sealed with resin-based sealant (Delton) following clinically accepted techniques. Groups 2 through 6 were sealed with RMGI (Vitremer) after having the fissure conditioned with either polyacrylic acid (RMGI-control), 35-percent H3PO4, low viscosity 35-percent H3PO4 with a surfactant, self-etch conditioner, or 35-percent H3PO4 followed by self-etch conditioner. Groups 7 through 9 were sealed with GI sealant (Fuji Triage) after having the fissures conditioned with either polyacrylic acid (GI-control), 35- percent H3PO4 or low viscosity 35-percent H3PO4 with a surfactant. After aging through thermocycling (2500 cycles), specimens were incubated in methylene blue for four hours and sectioned at multiple locations. Digital images were obtained using a digital stereomicroscope, and microleakage was determined by scoring the dye penetration along the enamel-sealant interface. The penetration of the material was determined by calculating the percentage of the total length of the fissure penetrated by the material. Results: The use of self etch-conditioner significantly increased RMGI penetration, while surface conditioning with 35-percent phosphoric acid with surfactant significantly decreased microleakage of GI. The resin-based sealant placed after 35-percent phosphoric acid surface conditioning showed the best penetration and the least level of microleakage. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that the placement of glass ionomer-based sealants can be enhanced by modifying current conditioning methods.
Evaluation of multiple and single emission peak light emitting diode light curing units effect on the degree of conversion and microhardness of resin-based pit and fissure sealant
(2017) Alqahtani, Saleh Ali M.; Soto, Armando E.; Platt, Jeffrey A.; Cook, Norman Blaine
Objective: The objective was to assess a multiple emission peak light-emitting-diode (LED) light-curing unit (LCU) by measuring the polymerization efficiency through the degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) of a resin-based pit and fissure sealant at various light curing times and two distances compared to a single emission peak LED LCU. Method: Sixty disks of resin-based pit and fissure sealant (Delton, DENTSPLY, York, PA) samples (6x1mm) were fabricated (n=5/LCU/group). Prepared samples were polymerized using 10, 20 and 40 second curing time at 2 or 4 mm curing distances. The irradiance and radiant exposure received on the top/bottom surfaces of the samples were measured using the Managing Accurate Resin Curing-Resin Calibrator (MARC-RC) system. The samples were stored at 37°C for one hour. Then, the DC (n=3/surface) and KHN (n=5/surface) measurements were collected on the top and bottom surfaces using Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and a microhardness tester (Instron) utilizing 25-gm at 10 seconds dwell time, respectively. Multiple-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). Result: The irradiance from the multiple emission peak LED LCU was significantly higher than the single emission peak LED LCU (1312.6 and 768.3 mW/cm2) respectively. Moreover, the multiple emission peak LED LCU displayed significantly higher DC (82.5%) and microhardness (26.2 KHN) compared to the single emission peak LED LCU (75.5% DC and 21.2 KHN) when curing samples at 2 and 4 mm curing distances assessed using 10, 20 and 40-second curing times. The 10 second cure at 4 mm showed significantly lower DC and KHN values compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The multiple emission peak LED LCU demonstrated significantly higher irradiance, DC and KHN compared to the single emission peak LED LCU on a resin-based pit and fissure sealant at 2 and 4 mm curing distances and 10, 20 and 40 second curing times. Therefore, the multiple emission peak LED LCU performed higher than the single emission peak LED LCU.
Monitoring of sound and carious surfaces under sealants over 44 months
(SAGE Publications, 2014-11) Fontana, M.; Platt, J. A.; Eckert, G. J.; González-Cabezas, C.; Yoder, K.; Zero, D. T.; Ando, M.; Soto-Rojas, A. E.; Peters, M. C.; Department of Restorative Dentistry, IU School of Dentistry
Although there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of sealants, one major barrier in sealant utilization is the concern of sealing over active caries lesions. This study evaluated detection and monitoring of caries lesions through a clear sealant over 44 mo. Sixty-four 7- to 10-year-old children with at least 2 permanent molars with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores 0-4 (and caries less than halfway through the dentin, radiographically) were examined with ICDAS, DIAGNOdent, and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) before sealant placement and 1, 12, 24, and 44 mo (except QLF) after. Bitewing radiographs were taken yearly. DIAGNOdent and QLF were able to distinguish between baseline ICDAS before and after sealant placement. There was no significant evidence of ICDAS progression at 12 mo, but there was small evidence of minor increases at 24 and 44 mo (14% and 14%, respectively) with only 2% ICDAS ≥ 5. Additionally, there was little evidence of radiographic progression (at 12 mo = 1%, 24 mo = 3%, and 44 mo = 9%). Sealant retention rates were excellent at 12 mo = 89%, 24 mo = 78%, and 44 mo = 70%. The small risk of sealant repair increased significantly as baseline ICDAS, DIAGNOdent, and QLF values increased. However, regardless of lesion severity, sealants were 100% effective at 12 mo and 98% effective over 44 mo in managing occlusal surfaces at ICDAS 0-4 (i.e., only 4 of 228 teeth progressed to ICDAS ≥ 5 associated with sealants in need of repair and none to halfway or more through the dentin, radiographically). This study suggests that occlusal surfaces without frank cavitation (ICDAS 0-4) that are sealed with a clear sealant can be monitored with ICDAS, QLF, or DIAGNOdent, which may aid in predicting the need for sealant repair.
Performance of Multiple Emission Peak Light Emitting Diode Light Curing Unit: Degree of Conversion and Microhardness of Resin-Based Pit and Fissure Sealant
(2022-07) Ba Armah, Ibrahim; Soto, Armando E.; Platt, Jeffrey A.; Al Dehailan, Laila A.
Background: The light-cured resin-based pit and fissure sealants success and longevity are enhanced by sufficient curing. Multiple emission peak Light Emitting Diode Light Curing Units offer a wider range of wavelengths and different levels of irradiances to ensure sufficient curing.The irradiance is considered a main curing factor that can affect the material properties. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different settings of a multiwave LED LCU on the degree of conversion and microhardness of a pit and fissure sealant comparing the irradiance of 1000 mW/cm2 to 1400 mW/cm2 and 3200 mW/cm2 irradiances of the LCU using manufacturer’s guidelines for curing times at 2, 4 and, 6 mm distances. Methods: A multiwave LED light curing unit was evaluated on three different irradiance levels 1000 mW/cm2 (S), 1400 mW/cm2 (H), and 3200 mW/cm2 (X). A total of 90 samples made from the fissure sealant were fabricated and divided into eighteen groups (n=5/group). Samples were cured following manufacturer’s guidelines of curing times for each curing mode at 2, 4, or 6 mm distance between the light tip and top of samples. The DC was measured using (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The KHN test was performed on five different locations of each specimen using a hardness tester (Leco LM247AT, MI, USA, software; Confident V 2.5.2). Results: The top DC for H-8 was significantly higher than S-10 at 2 and 4mm, H-20 DC was significantly lower than S-30 at only 2mm. The bottom DC for H-8 was significantly higher than S-10 at 2mm only, H-20 DC was significantly lower than S-30 at 4 and 6mm only. H-8 KHN at top surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 2mm only, H-20 was significantly lower than S-30 at 2 and 6mm only. H-8 KHN at bottom surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 4 and 6mm but significantly higher at 2mm. H-20 was significantly lower than S-30 at 2mm but significantly higher at 4 and 6mm. The top DC for X-3 was significantly lower than S-10 at all curing distances with no significant difference at all curing distances between X-9 and S-30. The bottom DC for X-3 was significantly higher than S-10 at all curing distances with no significant difference between X-9 and S-30. X-3 KHN at top surface was significantly lower than S-10s at all curing distances. X-9 was significantly lower than S-30 at 6mm only. X-3 KHN at bottom surface was significantly lower than S-10 at 2 and 4mm only with no significant difference at all curing distances between X-9 and S-30. Conclusions: Using a multiwave LED LCU to polymerize Delton Opaque resin-based fissure sealants will result in an optimal DC and KHN values for any irradiance level if the curing distance is kept at 4 mm or less and with at least two cycles of the shortest curing time recommended by the manufacturer. Using a multiwave LED LCU with 1000, 1400 or 3200 mW/cm2 irradiance levels with shortest curing times recommended resulted in unsatisfactory DC and KHN levels. LED LCU with high and extra high irradiance levels (1400 and 3200 mW/cm2) can result in high DC and KHN levels when used adequately. Xtra Power mode (3200 mW/cm2) used on shortest curing time (3 seconds) resulted in significantly lower mechanical properties and for that reason it is not recommended to be used.

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